{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090175027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/avss.2014.6918697","title":"Complex threat detection: Learning vs. rules, using a hierarchy of features","display_name":"Complex threat detection: Learning vs. rules, using a hierarchy of features","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090175027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/avss.2014.6918697","mag":"2090175027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/avss.2014.6918697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/avss.2014.6918697","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 11th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060327141","display_name":"Gertjan J. Burghouts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-7276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. J. Burghouts","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, Netherlands","TNO, P.O. Box 96864 2509 JG The Hague, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, P.O. Box 96864 2509 JG The Hague, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040192473","display_name":"P. van Slingerland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. van Slingerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, Netherlands","TNO, P.O. Box 96864 2509 JG The Hague, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, P.O. Box 96864 2509 JG The Hague, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068096641","display_name":"R.J.M. ten Hove","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. J. M. ten Hove","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, Netherlands","TNO, P.O. Box 96864 2509 JG The Hague, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, P.O. Box 96864 2509 JG The Hague, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006453034","display_name":"Richard J. M. den Hollander","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. J. M. den Hollander","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, P.O. Box 96864 2509 JG The Hague, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, P.O. Box 96864 2509 JG The Hague, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113660188","display_name":"Klamer Schutte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9954-0685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Schutte","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, Netherlands","TNO, P.O. Box 96864 2509 JG The Hague, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, P.O. Box 96864 2509 JG The Hague, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48126496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"375","last_page":"380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7079973220825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truck","display_name":"Truck","score":0.6155025362968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-system","display_name":"Warning system","score":0.5901122689247131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5556614995002747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5175961256027222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5054352283477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.4853628873825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.41746628284454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3850862383842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1941031515598297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07046100497245789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7079973220825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52121051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43193","display_name":"Truck","level":2,"score":0.6155025362968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.5901122689247131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5556614995002747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5175961256027222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5054352283477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.4853628873825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41746628284454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3850862383842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1941031515598297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07046100497245789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/avss.2014.6918697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/avss.2014.6918697","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 11th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oai-pmh.tno.nl:40549","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.tno.nl/uuid:8476db8c-c892-4f97-8b84-326fd348eade","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055233","display_name":"TNO Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:8476db8c-c892-4f97-8b84-326fd348eade","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8476db8c-c892-4f97-8b84-326fd348eade","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402238","display_name":"Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"11th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, AVSS 2014, 26-29 Augustus 2014, Seoul, Korea, 375-380","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320326","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983705368","https://openalex.org/W2020163092","https://openalex.org/W2036744682","https://openalex.org/W2053987602","https://openalex.org/W2072679335","https://openalex.org/W2122886155","https://openalex.org/W2163762358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517019597","https://openalex.org/W1968776045","https://openalex.org/W2296713838","https://openalex.org/W767149399","https://openalex.org/W3036261569","https://openalex.org/W2889950528","https://openalex.org/W575062473","https://openalex.org/W4297672583","https://openalex.org/W2357934771","https://openalex.org/W3033024819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Theft":[0],"of":[1,19],"cargo":[2],"from":[3],"a":[4,27,78,85],"truck":[5,37],"or":[6],"attacks":[7],"against":[8,84],"the":[9,14,36,69,95,100],"driver":[10],"are":[11,90],"threats":[12],"hindering":[13],"day":[15,17],"to":[16,38],"operations":[18],"trucking":[20],"companies.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"work":[24],"we":[25,72],"consider":[26],"system,":[28],"which":[29],"is":[30],"using":[31],"surveillance":[32],"cameras":[33],"mounted":[34],"on":[35,99],"provide":[39],"an":[40],"early":[41],"warning":[42],"for":[43],"such":[44],"evolving":[45],"threats.":[46],"Low-level":[47],"processing":[48,57],"involves":[49],"tracking":[50],"people":[51],"and":[52,60,64,92],"calculating":[53],"motion":[54],"features.":[55],"Intermediate-level":[56],"provides":[58],"kinematics":[59],"localisation,":[61],"activity":[62],"descriptions":[63],"threat":[65,74],"stage":[66],"estimates.":[67],"At":[68],"high":[70],"level,":[71],"compare":[73],"detection":[75],"performed":[76],"with":[77],"statistical":[79],"trained":[80],"SVM":[81],"based":[82,87],"classifier":[83],"rule":[86],"system.":[88],"Results":[89],"promising,":[91],"show":[93],"that":[94],"best":[96],"system":[97],"depends":[98],"scenario.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}