{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169219449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/avss.2011.6027331","title":"Regularized online Mixture of Gaussians for background subtraction","display_name":"Regularized online Mixture of Gaussians for background subtraction","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169219449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/avss.2011.6027331","mag":"2169219449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/avss.2011.6027331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/avss.2011.6027331","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332100","display_name":"Hongbin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9539-4176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018008959","display_name":"Paul Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-000X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3913,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88780162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"249","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.6577679514884949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.6207610368728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5383878946304321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.47380632162094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtraction","display_name":"Subtraction","score":0.47269725799560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45439910888671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation\u2013maximization-algorithm","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","score":0.44801563024520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4425734579563141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.42635005712509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4109940528869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3347070813179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.26719000935554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.15686899423599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15597981214523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.1300908327102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.08909380435943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08008065819740295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6577679514884949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.6207610368728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5383878946304321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.47380632162094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68060419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40754","display_name":"Subtraction","level":2,"score":0.47269725799560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45439910888671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182081679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","level":3,"score":0.44801563024520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4425734579563141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.42635005712509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4109940528869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3347070813179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.26719000935554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.15686899423599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15597981214523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.1300908327102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.08909380435943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08008065819740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/avss.2011.6027331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/avss.2011.6027331","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/142bdc43-22c4-48c5-bbb7-1370a2d54263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/142bdc43-22c4-48c5-bbb7-1370a2d54263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wang , H &amp; Miller , P 2011 , Regularized Online Mixture of Gaussians for Background Subtraction . in Advanced Video and Signal-Based Surveillance (AVSS), 2011 8th IEEE International Conference on . Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , pp. 249-254 , 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal-Based Surveillance , Klagenfurt , Austria , 30/08/2011 . https://doi.org/10.1109/AVSS.2011.6027331","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50432363","https://openalex.org/W1568229137","https://openalex.org/W1568288633","https://openalex.org/W1686266550","https://openalex.org/W1693345094","https://openalex.org/W1969048569","https://openalex.org/W2008225289","https://openalex.org/W2011395874","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2065441822","https://openalex.org/W2069317438","https://openalex.org/W2111918405","https://openalex.org/W2134000477","https://openalex.org/W2139432235","https://openalex.org/W2324104502","https://openalex.org/W2567948266","https://openalex.org/W2616657226","https://openalex.org/W3006097074","https://openalex.org/W3131899091","https://openalex.org/W4237743494","https://openalex.org/W6602016701","https://openalex.org/W6637369054","https://openalex.org/W6680579697","https://openalex.org/W6700920241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155354377","https://openalex.org/W2620469466","https://openalex.org/W4244119470","https://openalex.org/W4361022438","https://openalex.org/W2011323037","https://openalex.org/W2002381192","https://openalex.org/W2386749094","https://openalex.org/W2473373438","https://openalex.org/W3138277141","https://openalex.org/W1981978224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mixture":[0],"of":[1,51,77],"Gaussians":[2],"(MoG)":[3],"modelling":[4],"[13]":[5],"is":[6,89],"a":[7,32,48,63,74],"popular":[8],"approach":[9],"to":[10,47],"background":[11],"subtraction":[12],"in":[13],"video":[14],"sequences.":[15],"Although":[16],"the":[17,103],"algorithm":[18],"shows":[19],"good":[20],"empirical":[21],"performance,":[22],"it":[23,35,46],"lacks":[24],"theoretical":[25],"justification.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"we":[30,72],"give":[31],"justification":[33],"for":[34,56,80],"from":[36],"an":[37],"online":[38,53,86,98,105],"stochastic":[39],"expectation":[40],"maximization":[41],"(EM)":[42],"viewpoint":[43],"and":[44],"extend":[45],"general":[49],"framework":[50],"regularized":[52,85,97],"classification":[54],"EM":[55],"MoG":[57,99],"with":[58],"guaranteed":[59],"convergence.":[60],"By":[61],"choosing":[62],"special":[64],"regularization":[65],"function,":[66],"l":[67,81,93],"<sub":[68,82,94],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[69,83,95],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sub>":[70,84,96],"norm,":[71],"derived":[73],"new":[75],"set":[76],"updating":[78],"equations":[79],"MoG.":[87,106],"It":[88],"shown":[90],"empirically":[91],"that":[92],"converge":[100],"faster":[101],"than":[102],"original":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
