{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388820968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ats59501.2023.10318003","title":"A Covert Attack Method Against FPGA Clouds","display_name":"A Covert Attack Method Against FPGA Clouds","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388820968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ats59501.2023.10318003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ats59501.2023.10318003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ats59501.2023.10318003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 32nd Asian Test Symposium (ATS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102581220","display_name":"She Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"She Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China,611731"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China,611731","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370333","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5416-0649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China,611731"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China,611731","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457678","display_name":"Zhe Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-4481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China,611731"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China,611731","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102312791","display_name":"Shize Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9718-1321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shize Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China,611731"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China,611731","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2883,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52942966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8570231199264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.741585910320282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7155375480651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.522137463092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4600321054458618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4568941593170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.435660719871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.42055708169937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.41079574823379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17884254455566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11421984434127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.0785917341709137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8570231199264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.741585910320282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7155375480651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.522137463092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4600321054458618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4568941593170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.435660719871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.42055708169937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.41079574823379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17884254455566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11421984434127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.0785917341709137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ats59501.2023.10318003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ats59501.2023.10318003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 32nd Asian Test Symposium (ATS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1643721902","https://openalex.org/W2157116240","https://openalex.org/W2761003783","https://openalex.org/W2798781612","https://openalex.org/W2915743430","https://openalex.org/W2934754865","https://openalex.org/W2945172997","https://openalex.org/W3007640322","https://openalex.org/W3009761835","https://openalex.org/W3016064750","https://openalex.org/W3036146501","https://openalex.org/W3155198371","https://openalex.org/W3181637428","https://openalex.org/W3194922745","https://openalex.org/W3195976712","https://openalex.org/W3214385046","https://openalex.org/W4200482086","https://openalex.org/W4210258659","https://openalex.org/W4210985023","https://openalex.org/W4229441099","https://openalex.org/W4242164861","https://openalex.org/W4283771693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2523525694","https://openalex.org/W2765763546","https://openalex.org/W4386482731","https://openalex.org/W4385302085","https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W4390188535","https://openalex.org/W2998642566","https://openalex.org/W2392682561","https://openalex.org/W3195700791","https://openalex.org/W4396942000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,49,66,82,90,94,103,106,114,119,145],"widespread":[2],"use":[3],"of":[4,51,70,85,105,148],"FPGA":[5,42,52,71,149],"clouds":[6,150],"in":[7,89],"high-end":[8],"fields":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"artificial":[12],"intelligence,":[13],"its":[14],"security":[15,146],"issues":[16],"have":[17],"become":[18],"a":[19,32,45,57,76],"major":[20],"focus":[21],"for":[22,113,118],"both":[23],"academia":[24],"and":[25,97,134,151],"industry.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"we":[30,55,74,110,128],"propose":[31,75],"covert":[33],"Denial-of-Service":[34],"(DoS)":[35],"attack":[36,107,116,122],"method":[37,142],"that":[38,63,140],"specifically":[39],"targets":[40],"commercial":[41],"clouds,":[43],"posing":[44],"serious":[46],"threat":[47],"to":[48,80,101,121],"availability":[50],"clouds.":[53,72],"Firstly,":[54],"design":[56,67],"malicious":[58],"ring":[59,86],"oscillator":[60],"network":[61],"(RON)":[62],"can":[64,143],"evade":[65,144],"rule":[68],"checking":[69],"Then,":[73],"resource":[77],"adjustment":[78],"algorithm":[79],"determine":[81],"maximum":[83],"number":[84],"oscillators":[87],"(ROs)":[88],"RON":[91,120],"while":[92],"satisfying":[93],"FPGA's":[95],"power":[96],"on-chip":[98],"temperature":[99],"constraints":[100],"guarantee":[102],"covertness":[104],"process.":[108],"Finally,":[109],"manually":[111],"search":[112],"efficient":[115],"frequency":[117],"FPGAs.":[123,136,154],"To":[124],"validate":[125],"our":[126,141],"method,":[127],"perform":[129],"DoS":[130],"attacks":[131],"on":[132],"XVU9P":[133],"10AX115":[135],"The":[137],"results":[138],"demonstrate":[139],"measures":[147],"successfully":[152],"crash":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}