{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2146587443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/async.2002.1000297","title":"Point to point GALS interconnect","display_name":"Point to point GALS interconnect","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2146587443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/async.2002.1000297","mag":"2146587443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/async.2002.1000297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/async.2002.1000297","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Eighth International Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041439799","display_name":"Simon W. Moore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2806-495X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK","[Comput. Lab., Cambridge Univ., UK]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Comput. Lab., Cambridge Univ., UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111909892","display_name":"G. Taylor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK","[Comput. Lab., Cambridge Univ., UK]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Comput. Lab., Cambridge Univ., UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040762162","display_name":"Robert Mullins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-2748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Mullins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK","[Comput. Lab., Cambridge Univ., UK]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Comput. Lab., Cambridge Univ., UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103077811","display_name":"Peter Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-3789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK","[Comput. Lab., Cambridge Univ., UK]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Comput. Lab., Cambridge Univ., UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041439799"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.2898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":118,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99376985,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"69","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.9063247442245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-domain-crossing","display_name":"Clock domain crossing","score":0.733534038066864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7078378200531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-circuit","display_name":"Synchronous circuit","score":0.6799912452697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.6272624731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-clock-manager","display_name":"Digital clock manager","score":0.5790087580680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.5264578461647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-skew","display_name":"Clock skew","score":0.4942653179168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-system","display_name":"Asynchronous system","score":0.4940229058265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.49058523774147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-circuit","display_name":"Asynchronous circuit","score":0.47888559103012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronizer","display_name":"Synchronizer","score":0.4658466577529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-gating","display_name":"Clock gating","score":0.447922945022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cpu-multiplier","display_name":"CPU multiplier","score":0.444479763507843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbitration","display_name":"Arbitration","score":0.4431047737598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-rate","display_name":"Clock rate","score":0.436862051486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.42369088530540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-drift","display_name":"Clock drift","score":0.42324548959732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3908156752586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-signal","display_name":"Clock signal","score":0.3844476044178009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.349109411239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19859805703163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.17343446612358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1326722502708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.12445390224456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.09645947813987732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.9063247442245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127204226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5134799","display_name":"Clock domain crossing","level":5,"score":0.733534038066864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7078378200531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42196554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186179","display_name":"Synchronous circuit","level":4,"score":0.6799912452697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.6272624731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113074038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276052","display_name":"Digital clock manager","level":5,"score":0.5790087580680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.5264578461647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60501442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4382014","display_name":"Clock skew","level":4,"score":0.4942653179168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7923308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4812211","display_name":"Asynchronous system","level":5,"score":0.4940229058265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.49058523774147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87695204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629971","display_name":"Asynchronous circuit","level":5,"score":0.47888559103012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66727535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662199","display_name":"Synchronizer","level":2,"score":0.4658466577529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22716491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q590170","display_name":"Clock gating","level":5,"score":0.447922945022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125576049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2246273","display_name":"CPU multiplier","level":5,"score":0.444479763507843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160151201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207946","display_name":"Arbitration","level":2,"score":0.4431047737598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178693496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911691","display_name":"Clock rate","level":3,"score":0.436862051486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.42369088530540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155837451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069144","display_name":"Clock drift","level":5,"score":0.42324548959732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3908156752586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.3844476044178009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.349109411239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19859805703163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.17343446612358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1326722502708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.12445390224456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.09645947813987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/async.2002.1000297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/async.2002.1000297","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Eighth International Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.219.4040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.219.4040","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~swm11/research/papers/async2002gals.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.59.9475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.59.9475","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/rdm34/async2002-gals.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546460110","https://openalex.org/W1583778827","https://openalex.org/W1609287256","https://openalex.org/W1965748010","https://openalex.org/W2012155933","https://openalex.org/W2117897741","https://openalex.org/W2120480196","https://openalex.org/W2127444466","https://openalex.org/W2132700530","https://openalex.org/W2134157563","https://openalex.org/W2140137324","https://openalex.org/W2157617940","https://openalex.org/W2161331676","https://openalex.org/W2168221955","https://openalex.org/W2911717499","https://openalex.org/W6632657969","https://openalex.org/W6684383791"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006003651","https://openalex.org/W4313332229","https://openalex.org/W2205497670","https://openalex.org/W2125201667","https://openalex.org/W4231008241","https://openalex.org/W2286776167","https://openalex.org/W2520965597","https://openalex.org/W2163637408","https://openalex.org/W2617666058","https://openalex.org/W2411759562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliable,":[0],"low-latency":[1],"channel":[2,102],"communication":[3,33,60,103],"between":[4,61,101],"independent":[5],"clock":[6,15,51,107,133,141],"domains":[7],"may":[8],"be":[9,29,79],"achieved":[10,136],"using":[11],"a":[12,26,35,42,62,67],"combination":[13],"of":[14,127],"pausing":[16,88],"techniques,":[17],"self-calibrating":[18],"delay":[19,117],"lines":[20],"and":[21,66,84,104],"an":[22,72],"asynchronous":[23,37,73,83],"interconnect.":[24,74],"Such":[25,75],"scheme":[27],"can":[28,77],"used":[30,80,90],"for":[31,45],"point-to-point":[32],"in":[34,50,98],"globally":[36],"locally":[38,63,68],"synchronous":[39,64,69,85],"(GALS)":[40],"system,":[41],"possible":[43],"methodology":[44],"managing":[46],"the":[47,105,118,124,138],"predicted":[48],"increase":[49],"domains.":[52],"We":[53],"present":[54],"interface":[55],"wrapper":[56],"circuits":[57],"which":[58],"permit":[59],"producer":[65],"consumer":[70,132,140],"via":[71],"interfaces":[76],"also":[78],"to":[81,91,147],"mix":[82],"modules.":[86],"Clock":[87],"is":[89,108,135,143],"guarantee":[92],"that":[93,112,123],"metastability":[94,113],"will":[95,115],"never":[96],"result":[97],"failure.":[99],"Arbitration":[100],"local":[106],"performed":[109],"concurrently":[110],"so":[111],"resolution":[114],"rarely":[116],"clock.":[119],"Simulation":[120],"results":[121],"show":[122],"maximum":[125],"performance":[126],"one":[128],"data":[129],"item":[130],"per":[131],"cycle":[134],"when":[137],"producer:":[139],"ratio":[142],"equal":[144],"or":[145],"greater":[146],"one.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}