{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083343565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asscc.2014.7008879","title":"A 6-bit drift-resilient readout scheme for multi-level Phase-Change Memory","display_name":"A 6-bit drift-resilient readout scheme for multi-level Phase-Change Memory","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083343565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asscc.2014.7008879","mag":"2083343565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asscc.2014.7008879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asscc.2014.7008879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045535112","display_name":"Aravinthan Athmanathan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aravinthan Athmanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","IBM Research, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089303681","display_name":"Milo\u0161 Stanisavljevi\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milos Stanisavljevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073731767","display_name":"Jun-Ho Cheon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134353371","display_name":"SK Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03696td91","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junho Cheon","raw_affiliation_strings":["SK Hynix, Icheon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SK Hynix, Icheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014452379","display_name":"Seokjoon Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134353371","display_name":"SK Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03696td91","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seokjoon Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["SK Hynix, Icheon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SK Hynix, Icheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059537495","display_name":"Changyong Ahn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134353371","display_name":"SK Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03696td91","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changyong Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["SK Hynix, Icheon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SK Hynix, Icheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060922221","display_name":"Junghyuk Yoon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134353371","display_name":"SK Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03696td91","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junghyuk Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["SK Hynix, Icheon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SK Hynix, Icheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002999177","display_name":"Minchul Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-754X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134353371","display_name":"SK Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03696td91","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minchul Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["SK Hynix, Icheon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SK Hynix, Icheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056966977","display_name":"Taek\u2010Seung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8137-0326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134353371","display_name":"SK Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03696td91","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taekseung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["SK Hynix, Icheon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SK Hynix, Icheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103241728","display_name":"Nikolaos Papandreou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-2171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Papandreou","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007575599","display_name":"Haralampos Pozidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-6651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haris Pozidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043271107","display_name":"Evangelos Eleftheriou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3826-5931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evangelos Eleftheriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045535112"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328","https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68033465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"137","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11315","display_name":"Phase-change materials and chalcogenides","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11315","display_name":"Phase-change materials and chalcogenides","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.6020243167877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5905269384384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change-memory","display_name":"Phase-change memory","score":0.5558477640151978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5367857813835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.533683717250824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.49395424127578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-cell","display_name":"Memory cell","score":0.4510875344276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4381725788116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","score":0.4160200357437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3399254083633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.323056161403656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19655752182006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.1136544942855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change","display_name":"Phase change","score":0.09202048182487488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.6020243167877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5905269384384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64142963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153902","display_name":"Phase-change memory","level":3,"score":0.5558477640151978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5367857813835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.533683717250824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.49395424127578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776638159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18343761","display_name":"Memory cell","level":4,"score":0.4510875344276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4381725788116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.4160200357437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3399254083633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.323056161403656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19655752182006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.1136544942855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133256868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180940","display_name":"Phase change","level":2,"score":0.09202048182487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asscc.2014.7008879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asscc.2014.7008879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317879","display_name":"SK Hynix","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600088957","https://openalex.org/W2007025706","https://openalex.org/W2036202202","https://openalex.org/W2043221330","https://openalex.org/W2047220345","https://openalex.org/W2063799733","https://openalex.org/W2072465842","https://openalex.org/W2078260102","https://openalex.org/W2154229954","https://openalex.org/W2163182174","https://openalex.org/W2526202524","https://openalex.org/W3099470245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2550153070","https://openalex.org/W1969888373","https://openalex.org/W2903035209","https://openalex.org/W4237246592","https://openalex.org/W2178010602","https://openalex.org/W2078067390","https://openalex.org/W2110321764","https://openalex.org/W2162174949","https://openalex.org/W1983958623","https://openalex.org/W2541696051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiple-Level":[0],"Cell":[1],"(MLC)":[2],"storage":[3,29],"provides":[4,85],"increased":[5],"capacity":[6],"and":[7,88,136,173,194],"hence":[8],"reduced":[9],"cost-per-bit":[10],"in":[11,51,67,138],"memory":[12,105],"technologies,":[13],"thereby":[14],"rendering":[15],"such":[16],"technologies":[17],"suitable":[18],"for":[19,44,48,95,150],"big":[20],"data":[21],"applications.":[22,106],"In":[23,107],"Phase-Change":[24],"Memory":[25],"(PCM),":[26],"however,":[27],"MLC":[28,52],"is":[30,56,134,184],"seriously":[31],"hampered":[32],"by":[33,102,109],"the":[34,59,70,75,96,99,111,120,126,195],"phenomenon":[35],"of":[36,61,91,117,159],"resistance":[37],"drift.":[38],"We":[39],"present":[40],"a":[41,86,187],"readout":[42,121,151,182],"circuit":[43,84,152,169,183],"PCM":[45,118,191],"specifically":[46],"designed":[47,135],"drift":[49,81],"resilience":[50,55],"operation.":[53],"Drift":[54],"achieved":[57],"through":[58],"use":[60],"specific":[62],"non-resistance-based":[63],"cell-state":[64,72],"metrics":[65],"which,":[66],"contrast":[68],"to":[69,124,178],"traditional":[71],"metric,":[73,93],"i.e.,":[74],"low-field":[76],"electrical":[77],"resistance,":[78],"have":[79],"built-in":[80],"robustness.":[82],"The":[83,130,168,181],"fast":[87],"efficient":[89],"implementation":[90],"drift-resilient":[92],"enabling,":[94],"first":[97],"time,":[98],"performance":[100],"required":[101],"non":[103,112],"volatile":[104],"addition,":[108],"exploiting":[110],"linear":[113],"sub-threshold":[114],"I-V":[115],"characteristics":[116,172],"cells,":[119],"architecture":[122],"promises":[123],"increase":[125],"distinguishable":[127],"signal":[128],"range.":[129],"proposed":[131],"read":[132],"circuitry":[133],"fabricated":[137],"64-nm":[139],"CMOS":[140],"technology.":[141],"Experimental":[142],"results":[143],"using":[144],"an":[145],"integrated":[146],"test":[147],"resistor":[148],"array":[149,193],"characterization":[153],"are":[154],"presented,":[155],"demonstrating":[156],"access":[157],"time":[158],"450":[160],"ns":[161],"at":[162],"6-bit":[163],"raw":[164],"(5-bit":[165],"effective)":[166],"resolution.":[167],"has":[170],"low-noise":[171],"does":[174],"not":[175],"exhibit":[176],"sensitivity":[177],"bit-line":[179],"parasitics.":[180],"co-integrated":[185],"with":[186],"16":[188],"Mb":[189],"2x-nm":[190],"cell":[192],"necessary":[196],"programming":[197],"electronics.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-12-01T00:03:43.161839","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
