{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012273848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2013.6707708","title":"Query understanding enhanced by hierarchical parsing structures","display_name":"Query understanding enhanced by hierarchical parsing structures","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012273848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2013.6707708","mag":"2012273848"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2013.6707708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2013.6707708","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100627504","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3163-3420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A","MIT Comput. Sci. & Artificial Intell. Lab., Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Comput. Sci. & Artificial Intell. Lab., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035867340","display_name":"Panupong Pasupat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panupong Pasupat","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A","MIT Comput. Sci. & Artificial Intell. Lab., Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Comput. Sci. & Artificial Intell. Lab., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424577","display_name":"Yining Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9410-0392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yining Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","IIIS,Tsinghua University, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIIS,Tsinghua University, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052585866","display_name":"Scott Cyphers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Cyphers","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A","MIT Comput. Sci. & Artificial Intell. Lab., Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Comput. Sci. & Artificial Intell. Lab., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006535430","display_name":"Jim Glass","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Glass","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A","MIT Comput. Sci. & Artificial Intell. Lab., Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Comput. Sci. & Artificial Intell. Lab., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100627504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.425,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96228645,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"72","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8931382894515991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6896461844444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6583132147789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.6121724843978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.4982171058654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4777987599372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4358813762664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4335322082042694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4327560067176819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.42554882168769836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-expansion","display_name":"Query expansion","score":0.41188108921051025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8931382894515991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6896461844444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6583132147789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.6121724843978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.4982171058654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4777987599372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4358813762664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4335322082042694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4327560067176819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.42554882168769836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.41188108921051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2013.6707708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2013.6707708","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1016.585","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1016.585","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://yining-wang.com/query.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.454.3661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.454.3661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://groups.csail.mit.edu/sls/publications/2013/Liu_ASRU_2013.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94225560","https://openalex.org/W1981726983","https://openalex.org/W2010152689","https://openalex.org/W2038324640","https://openalex.org/W2039387658","https://openalex.org/W2056894934","https://openalex.org/W2087079002","https://openalex.org/W2097606805","https://openalex.org/W2104347861","https://openalex.org/W2107430437","https://openalex.org/W2110360823","https://openalex.org/W2126176114","https://openalex.org/W2140526624","https://openalex.org/W2142305207","https://openalex.org/W2147215264","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2153962611","https://openalex.org/W2158188757","https://openalex.org/W2158960817","https://openalex.org/W2168034451","https://openalex.org/W2403947200","https://openalex.org/W6603854960","https://openalex.org/W6676574698","https://openalex.org/W6678769344","https://openalex.org/W6680702787","https://openalex.org/W6680856303","https://openalex.org/W6682082992","https://openalex.org/W6683226453","https://openalex.org/W6684795046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2968543375","https://openalex.org/W2098784136","https://openalex.org/W2953770453","https://openalex.org/W4288558800","https://openalex.org/W2572349046","https://openalex.org/W2888625260","https://openalex.org/W1981131819","https://openalex.org/W5304494","https://openalex.org/W2017989738","https://openalex.org/W3197639690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Query":[0],"understanding":[1,15,168],"has":[2],"been":[3],"well":[4],"studied":[5],"in":[6,42,100,117,170],"the":[7,101],"areas":[8],"of":[9,22,62,67,88,133],"information":[10],"retrieval":[11],"and":[12,30,39,45,94,137],"spoken":[13],"language":[14,127,154],"(SLU).":[16],"There":[17],"are":[18,97],"generally":[19],"three":[20],"layers":[21],"query":[23,122,142,167],"understanding:":[24],"domain":[25,38],"classification,":[26],"user":[27],"intent":[28,40],"detection,":[29],"semantic":[31,46,95,138],"tagging.":[32],"Classifiers":[33],"can":[34,74,165],"be":[35,75],"applied":[36],"to":[37,64,145],"detection":[41],"real":[43,152],"systems,":[44],"tagging":[47],"(or":[48],"slot":[49],"filling)":[50],"is":[51],"commonly":[52],"defined":[53],"as":[54,91],"a":[55,60,65,131],"sequence-labeling":[56],"task":[57],"-":[58],"mapping":[59],"sequence":[61,66,159],"words":[63],"labels.":[68],"Various":[69],"statistical":[70],"features":[71,136,140],"(e.g.,":[72],"n-grams)":[73],"extracted":[76],"from":[77,141],"annotated":[78],"queries":[79,155],"for":[80,121,125],"learning":[81],"label":[82],"prediction":[83],"models;":[84],"however,":[85],"linguistic":[86,114,163],"characteristics":[87],"queries,":[89,128],"such":[90],"hierarchical":[92,118],"structures":[93],"relationships,":[96],"usually":[98],"neglected":[99],"feature":[102],"extraction":[103],"process.":[104],"In":[105],"this":[106],"work,":[107],"we":[108,129],"propose":[109],"an":[110],"approach":[111],"that":[112,157],"leverages":[113],"knowledge":[115,164],"encoded":[116],"parse":[119,143],"trees":[120,144],"understanding.":[123],"Specifically,":[124],"natural":[126,153],"extract":[130],"set":[132],"syntactic":[134],"structural":[135],"dependency":[139],"enhance":[146],"inference":[147],"model":[148],"learning.":[149],"Experiments":[150],"on":[151],"show":[156],"augmenting":[158],"labeling":[160],"models":[161],"with":[162],"improve":[166],"performance":[169],"various":[171],"domains.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
