{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122652303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373509","title":"Toward machine translation with statistics and syntax and semantics","display_name":"Toward machine translation with statistics and syntax and semantics","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122652303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373509","mag":"2122652303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2009.5373509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373509","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition & Understanding","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083694186","display_name":"Dekai Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9833-361X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dekai Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Human Language Technology Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Human Language Technology Center, HKUST, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Human Language Technology Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Human Language Technology Center, HKUST, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083694186"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8724,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80682806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"12","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8427364230155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.7157578468322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.685148298740387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6808351278305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6141630411148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5281231999397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.4898631274700165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.4572455883026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-grammar","display_name":"Formal grammar","score":0.42424100637435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.264447420835495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8427364230155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7157578468322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.685148298740387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6808351278305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6141630411148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5281231999397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.4898631274700165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.4572455883026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171553443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373045","display_name":"Formal grammar","level":3,"score":0.42424100637435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.264447420835495}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2009.5373509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373509","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition & Understanding","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-47079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-47079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3851596","https://openalex.org/W85558654","https://openalex.org/W129352658","https://openalex.org/W1489834179","https://openalex.org/W1517947178","https://openalex.org/W1525367170","https://openalex.org/W1543317902","https://openalex.org/W1567165223","https://openalex.org/W1964388487","https://openalex.org/W1977182536","https://openalex.org/W1997420744","https://openalex.org/W2005712418","https://openalex.org/W2006969979","https://openalex.org/W2018623514","https://openalex.org/W2048390999","https://openalex.org/W2048808408","https://openalex.org/W2076749875","https://openalex.org/W2093710484","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2101656755","https://openalex.org/W2106022904","https://openalex.org/W2107788745","https://openalex.org/W2114125440","https://openalex.org/W2118536060","https://openalex.org/W2124136969","https://openalex.org/W2125799830","https://openalex.org/W2129139611","https://openalex.org/W2132634974","https://openalex.org/W2135399286","https://openalex.org/W2136925175","https://openalex.org/W2139183784","https://openalex.org/W2146574666","https://openalex.org/W2151351048","https://openalex.org/W2158388102","https://openalex.org/W2158431714","https://openalex.org/W2164454850","https://openalex.org/W2164703128","https://openalex.org/W2165666205","https://openalex.org/W2167302977","https://openalex.org/W2196555355","https://openalex.org/W2210115826","https://openalex.org/W2294019087","https://openalex.org/W2434901392","https://openalex.org/W2437005631","https://openalex.org/W2586888933","https://openalex.org/W2599871100","https://openalex.org/W2749592723","https://openalex.org/W3196875948","https://openalex.org/W4229653299","https://openalex.org/W4232485148","https://openalex.org/W6603477947","https://openalex.org/W6605230989","https://openalex.org/W6629143899","https://openalex.org/W6631063652","https://openalex.org/W6631151704","https://openalex.org/W6634114392","https://openalex.org/W6638744281","https://openalex.org/W6652311901","https://openalex.org/W6675966996","https://openalex.org/W6677683793","https://openalex.org/W6679998166","https://openalex.org/W6680534037","https://openalex.org/W6683509824","https://openalex.org/W6684652477","https://openalex.org/W6687192721","https://openalex.org/W6688575911","https://openalex.org/W6743202138","https://openalex.org/W6800295755","https://openalex.org/W6822696232"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W193726211","https://openalex.org/W2566847733","https://openalex.org/W2122287718","https://openalex.org/W2010336863","https://openalex.org/W2740094425","https://openalex.org/W3204448004","https://openalex.org/W2587602790","https://openalex.org/W3011059803","https://openalex.org/W4378619223","https://openalex.org/W2809655258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,124],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,74,126],"survey":[4],"some":[5],"central":[6],"issues":[7],"in":[8,108,164],"the":[9,81,87,104,114,140,165],"historical,":[10],"current,":[11],"and":[12,103,160],"future":[13],"landscape":[14],"of":[15,83,89,130,144,153,167],"statistical":[16],"machine":[17],"translation":[18],"(SMT)":[19],"research,":[20],"taking":[21],"as":[22],"a":[23,34,120,128],"starting":[24],"point":[25],"an":[26],"extended":[27],"three-dimensional":[28],"MT":[29,50],"model":[30,106],"space.":[31],"We":[32,137,147],"posit":[33],"socio-geographical":[35],"conceptual":[36],"disparity":[37],"hypothesis,":[38,117],"that":[39],"aims":[40],"to":[41,63,65,100,157],"explain":[42],"why":[43],"language":[44,76,121],"pairs":[45],"like":[46],"Chinese-English":[47],"have":[48],"presented":[49],"with":[51,113],"so":[52],"much":[53],"more":[54,141],"difficulty":[55],"than":[56],"others.":[57],"The":[58],"evolution":[59],"from":[60],"simple":[61],"token-based":[62],"segment-based":[64],"tree-based":[66,72],"syntactic":[67,135],"SMT":[68],"is":[69],"sketched.":[70],"For":[71],"SMT,":[73,111,159],"consider":[75,139],"bias":[77],"rationales":[78],"for":[79,91,134,150,171],"selecting":[80],"degree":[82],"compositional":[84],"power":[85],"within":[86],"hierarchy":[88],"expressiveness":[90],"transduction":[92],"grammars":[93],"(or":[94],"synchronous":[95],"grammars).":[96],"This":[97],"leads":[98],"us":[99],"inversion":[101],"transductions":[102],"ITG":[105,116],"prevalent":[107],"current":[109],"state-of-the-art":[110],"along":[112],"underlying":[115],"which":[118],"posits":[119],"universal.":[122],"Against":[123],"backdrop,":[125],"enumerate":[127],"set":[129],"key":[131],"open":[132],"questions":[133],"SMT.":[136,146,173],"then":[138],"recent":[142],"area":[143],"semantic":[145,158,168,172],"list":[148],"principles":[149],"successful":[151],"application":[152],"sense":[154],"disambiguation":[155],"models":[156],"describe":[161],"early":[162],"directions":[163],"use":[166],"role":[169],"labeling":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}