{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158185495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373323","title":"Improved vocabulary independent search with approximate match based on Conditional Random Fields","display_name":"Improved vocabulary independent search with approximate match based on Conditional Random Fields","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158185495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373323","mag":"2158185495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2009.5373323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373323","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition &amp; Understanding","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110218731","display_name":"Upendra V. Chaudhari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Upendra V. Chaudhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034529775","display_name":"Michael Picheny","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Picheny","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110218731"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3525,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60783385,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"416","last_page":"420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.9141154289245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crfs","display_name":"CRFS","score":0.8503826856613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.790364146232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6785690784454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.6475721001625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6163215041160583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.6016022562980652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5861268043518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5739440321922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.49927592277526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.4576408565044403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4526401162147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.45140540599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4379878342151642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.411196768283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1366094946861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10909631848335266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.9141154289245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775953691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013874","display_name":"CRFS","level":3,"score":0.8503826856613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.790364146232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6785690784454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.6475721001625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6163215041160583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6016022562980652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5861268043518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5739440321922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.49927592277526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.4576408565044403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4526401162147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45140540599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4379878342151642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.411196768283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1366094946861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10909631848335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2009.5373323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373323","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition &amp; Understanding","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67332896","https://openalex.org/W72804518","https://openalex.org/W183136171","https://openalex.org/W1526729636","https://openalex.org/W2051669046","https://openalex.org/W2058829475","https://openalex.org/W2080141381","https://openalex.org/W2111338354","https://openalex.org/W2125610823","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2150857077","https://openalex.org/W2155427043","https://openalex.org/W2168037476","https://openalex.org/W2186490579","https://openalex.org/W4236796448","https://openalex.org/W6631471336","https://openalex.org/W6682082992","https://openalex.org/W6682703816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356597680","https://openalex.org/W50079190","https://openalex.org/W182104056","https://openalex.org/W2011251309","https://openalex.org/W2511246383","https://openalex.org/W3108423214","https://openalex.org/W2796133761","https://openalex.org/W3088215229","https://openalex.org/W2184553228","https://openalex.org/W2390846138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,17,31,83,105,125,152,176],"use":[3],"of":[4,33,44,63,147,161],"Conditional":[5],"Random":[6],"Fields":[7],"(CRF)":[8],"to":[9,29,59,134],"model":[10,135],"confusions":[11],"and":[12,40,65,80,159],"account":[13],"for":[14,103,178],"errors":[15,106],"in":[16,46,124,127,158],"phonetic":[18,35],"decoding":[19],"derived":[20,90],"from":[21,91,121],"Automatic":[22],"Speech":[23],"Recognition":[24],"output.":[25],"The":[26,85],"goal":[27],"is":[28,55,72,89],"improve":[30,166],"accuracy":[32],"approximate":[34,86],"match,":[36],"given":[37],"query":[38],"terms":[39],"an":[41,148],"indexed":[42,67],"database":[43],"documents,":[45],"a":[47,61,92,100,108],"vocabulary":[48,162],"independent":[49],"audio":[50],"search":[51,164],"system.":[52],"Audio":[53],"data":[54],"ingested,":[56],"segmented,":[57],"decoded":[58],"produce":[60],"sequence":[62],"phones,":[64],"subsequently":[66],"using":[68,132],"phone":[69,78,138,174],"N-grams.":[70],"Search":[71],"performed":[73],"by":[74],"expanding":[75],"queries":[76],"into":[77,116],"sequences":[79],"matching":[81],"against":[82],"index.":[84],"match":[87],"score":[88],"CRF,":[93],"trained":[94],"on":[95,131,143,156,167],"parallel":[96],"transcripts,":[97],"which":[98,170],"provides":[99],"general":[101],"framework":[102],"modeling":[104,145],"that":[107,128],"recognition":[109],"system":[110],"may":[111],"make":[112],"taking":[113],"contextual":[114],"effects":[115],"consideration.":[117],"Our":[118],"approach":[119],"differs":[120],"other":[122],"work":[123,169],"field":[126],"we":[129,154],"focus":[130],"CRFs":[133],"context":[136],"dependent":[137],"level":[139],"confusions,":[140,175],"rather":[141],"than":[142],"explicitly":[144],"parameters":[146],"edit":[149],"distance.":[150],"While,":[151],"results":[153],"obtain":[155],"both":[157],"out":[160],"(OOV)":[163],"tasks":[165],"previous":[168],"incorporated":[171],"high":[172],"order":[173],"gains":[177],"OOV":[179],"are":[180],"more":[181],"impressive.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
