{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120296657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373275","title":"Sub-structure-based estimation of pronunciation proficiency and classification of learners","display_name":"Sub-structure-based estimation of pronunciation proficiency and classification of learners","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120296657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373275","mag":"2120296657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2009.5373275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373275","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition &amp; Understanding","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028421346","display_name":"Masayuki Suzuki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-1490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153327471","display_name":"Bunkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/053h75930","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153327471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masayuki Suzuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan","The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153327471","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041213266","display_name":"Nobuaki Minematsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8778-9555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153327471","display_name":"Bunkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/053h75930","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153327471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobuaki Minematsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan","The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153327471","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112574077","display_name":"Dean Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153327471","display_name":"Bunkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/053h75930","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153327471"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dean Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan","The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153327471","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108197272","display_name":"Keikichi Hirose","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153327471","display_name":"Bunkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/053h75930","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153327471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keikichi Hirose","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan","The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153327471","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028421346"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153327471","https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7098,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91199103,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"574","last_page":"579"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation","display_name":"Pronunciation","score":0.8795137405395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7452584505081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6214762926101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.569764256477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5193592309951782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.5072540640830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4734974503517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.46433746814727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-envelope","display_name":"Spectral envelope","score":0.43627792596817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.23414009809494019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16266769170761108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.8795137405395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7452584505081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6214762926101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.569764256477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5193592309951782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5072540640830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4734974503517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46433746814727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54926389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575188","display_name":"Spectral envelope","level":2,"score":0.43627792596817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.23414009809494019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16266769170761108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2009.5373275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373275","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition &amp; Understanding","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.641.2737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.641.2737","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~mine/paper/PDF/2009/ASRU_p574-579_t2009-12.PDF","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11805017","https://openalex.org/W15693373","https://openalex.org/W46300955","https://openalex.org/W160346473","https://openalex.org/W259925796","https://openalex.org/W1572136296","https://openalex.org/W2100012411","https://openalex.org/W2111148778","https://openalex.org/W2114492809","https://openalex.org/W2134061030","https://openalex.org/W2139008940","https://openalex.org/W2168862296","https://openalex.org/W2169878657","https://openalex.org/W2314297151","https://openalex.org/W2400884119","https://openalex.org/W2402172738","https://openalex.org/W2403379316","https://openalex.org/W2499096190","https://openalex.org/W6609647419","https://openalex.org/W6684964546","https://openalex.org/W6712586537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183593636","https://openalex.org/W2350724007","https://openalex.org/W2355751417","https://openalex.org/W2423284978","https://openalex.org/W2083922162","https://openalex.org/W2000075989","https://openalex.org/W4220683390","https://openalex.org/W2776838583","https://openalex.org/W2359469050","https://openalex.org/W1607396156"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"estimation":[1,119],"of":[2,21,76,151],"pronunciation":[3,207],"proficiency":[4,118],"has":[5],"its":[6],"specific":[7],"difficulty.":[8],"Adequacy":[9],"in":[10,63,122],"controlling":[11],"the":[12,25,44,82,132,197],"vocal":[13],"organs":[14],"can":[15,200],"be":[16,57],"estimated":[17],"from":[18],"spectral":[19],"envelopes":[20],"input":[22],"utterances":[23],"but":[24,140],"envelope":[26,45],"patterns":[27],"are":[28,175],"also":[29,89,178,194],"affected":[30,210],"easily":[31],"by":[32,48,53,211],"different":[33,144],"speakers.":[34],"To":[35],"develop":[36],"a":[37,70,117,161,164],"pedagogically":[38],"sound":[39],"method":[40],"for":[41,90,131],"automatic":[42],"estimation,":[43],"changes":[46],"caused":[47],"linguistic":[49],"factors":[50,55],"and":[51,72,143,156,163,172,177,214],"those":[52],"extra-linguistic":[54],"should":[56],"properly":[58],"separated.":[59],"For":[60],"this":[61,112],"aim,":[62],"our":[64,127],"previous":[65],"study":[66],"[1],":[67],"we":[68,84,99,114,134,147,193],"proposed":[69,129,198],"mathematically-guaranteed":[71],"linguistically-valid":[73],"speaker-invariant":[74,154],"representation":[75,88,199],"pronunciation,":[77],"called":[78],"speech":[79,106],"structure.":[80],"After":[81],"proposal,":[83],"have":[85,100],"examined":[86],"that":[87,137,168,196],"ASR":[91],"[2],":[92],"[3],":[93],"[4]":[94],"and,":[95,124],"through":[96],"these":[97],"works,":[98],"learned":[101],"better":[102],"how":[103],"to":[104,108,183,187],"apply":[105],"structures":[107],"various":[109],"tasks.":[110],"In":[111],"paper,":[113],"focus":[115],"on":[116,126,205],"experiment":[120,138],"done":[121],"[1]":[123],"based":[125,204],"recently":[128],"techniques":[130],"structures,":[133],"carry":[135],"out":[136],"again":[139],"under":[141],"new":[142],"conditions.":[145],"Here,":[146],"use":[148],"smaller":[149],"units":[150],"structural":[152,158],"analysis,":[153],"substructures,":[155],"relative":[157],"distances":[159],"between":[160,170],"learner":[162],"teacher.":[165],"Results":[166],"show":[167,179],"correlations":[169],"human":[171],"machine":[173],"rating":[174],"improved":[176],"extremely":[180],"higher":[181],"robustness":[182],"speaker":[184],"differences":[185],"compared":[186],"widely":[188],"used":[189],"GOP":[190],"scores.":[191],"Further,":[192],"demonstrate":[195],"classify":[201],"learners":[202],"purely":[203],"their":[206,212],"proficiency,":[208],"not":[209],"age":[213],"gender.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
