{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157075408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373245","title":"Pronunciation modeling for dialectal arabic speech recognition","display_name":"Pronunciation modeling for dialectal arabic speech recognition","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157075408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373245","mag":"2157075408"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2009.5373245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373245","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition &amp; Understanding","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1265044","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021920016","display_name":"Hassan Al-Haj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Al-Haj","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterACT Language Technologies Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterACT Language Technologies Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033764781","display_name":"Roger Hsiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8638-4508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterACT Language Technologies Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterACT Language Technologies Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028182466","display_name":"Ian Lane","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Lane","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterACT Language Technologies Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterACT Language Technologies Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107337645","display_name":"Alan W. Black","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8820-8831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan W. Black","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterACT Language Technologies Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterACT Language Technologies Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110453805","display_name":"Alex Waibel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Waibel","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterACT Language Technologies Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterACT Language Technologies Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021920016"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2525,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90023788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation","display_name":"Pronunciation","score":0.9278902411460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7729026675224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6765264272689819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.670320451259613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.6002684235572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5802444815635681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5340867042541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.5340762138366699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5199416875839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.44639360904693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4435168504714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.30567753314971924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.9278902411460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7729026675224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6765264272689819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.670320451259613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.6002684235572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5802444815635681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5340867042541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.5340762138366699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5199416875839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.44639360904693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4435168504714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.30567753314971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2009.5373245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5373245","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition &amp; Understanding","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.154.9557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.154.9557","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/papers/asru2009/AS090074.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:1265044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1265044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:1265044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1265044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204270118","https://openalex.org/W1779680350","https://openalex.org/W2064203761","https://openalex.org/W2134756243","https://openalex.org/W2141404479","https://openalex.org/W2142983806","https://openalex.org/W2147467930","https://openalex.org/W2148286641","https://openalex.org/W6679945967","https://openalex.org/W6682135283","https://openalex.org/W6890406761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183593636","https://openalex.org/W2350724007","https://openalex.org/W2355751417","https://openalex.org/W2000075989","https://openalex.org/W2423284978","https://openalex.org/W2083922162","https://openalex.org/W1607396156","https://openalex.org/W2776838583","https://openalex.org/W2359469050","https://openalex.org/W4243485167"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Short":[0],"vowels":[1],"in":[2,7,14,111],"Arabic":[3,24],"are":[4,77],"normally":[5],"omitted":[6],"written":[8],"text":[9],"which":[10],"leads":[11],"to":[12,79,93,118],"ambiguity":[13],"the":[15,36,62,69,80,119],"pronunciation.":[16],"This":[17],"is":[18],"even":[19],"more":[20],"pronounced":[21,31],"for":[22,54],"dialectal":[23],"where":[25],"a":[26,84,94],"single":[27,95],"word":[28],"can":[29],"be":[30],"quite":[32],"differently":[33],"based":[34],"on":[35,51],"speaker's":[37],"nationality,":[38],"level":[39],"of":[40,83,113],"education,":[41],"social":[42],"class":[43],"and":[44,67,98],"religion.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper":[48],"we":[49],"focus":[50],"pronunciation":[52,96,100],"modeling":[53],"Iraqi-Arabic":[55],"speech.":[56],"We":[57],"introduce":[58],"multiple":[59,87],"pronunciations":[60,82,88],"into":[61],"Iraqi":[63],"speech":[64],"recognition":[65,90],"lexicon,":[66],"compare":[68],"performance,":[70],"when":[71],"weights":[72,101],"computed":[73],"via":[74],"forced":[75],"alignment":[76],"assigned":[78],"different":[81],"word.":[85],"Incorporating":[86],"improved":[89,103],"accuracy":[91],"compared":[92,117],"baseline":[97,120],"introducing":[99],"further":[102],"performance.":[104],"Using":[105],"these":[106],"techniques":[107],"an":[108],"absolute":[109],"reduction":[110],"word-error-rate":[112],"2.4%":[114],"was":[115],"obtained":[116],"system.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
