{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169272853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5372913","title":"Support vector machines for noise robust ASR","display_name":"Support vector machines for noise robust ASR","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169272853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5372913","mag":"2169272853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2009.5372913","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5372913","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition &amp; Understanding","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050766679","display_name":"Mark Gales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-8219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. J. F. Gales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","[Cambridge University Engineering Dept, Trumpington St., CB2 1PZ U.K.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Cambridge University Engineering Dept, Trumpington St., CB2 1PZ U.K.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024283093","display_name":"Anton Ragni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-4456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ragni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","[Cambridge University Engineering Dept, Trumpington St., CB2 1PZ U.K.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Cambridge University Engineering Dept, Trumpington St., CB2 1PZ U.K.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085936122","display_name":"H. AlDamarki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. AlDamarki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","[Cambridge University Engineering Dept, Trumpington St., CB2 1PZ U.K.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Cambridge University Engineering Dept, Trumpington St., CB2 1PZ U.K.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106420208","display_name":"Christian Gautier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Gautier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","[Cambridge University Engineering Dept, Trumpington St., CB2 1PZ U.K.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Cambridge University Engineering Dept, Trumpington St., CB2 1PZ U.K.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050766679"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3549,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85962842,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"205","last_page":"210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7970051169395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7783132791519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7548189759254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7400356531143188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6162844896316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6146860718727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5815407633781433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5749334692955017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5451450347900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5402019619941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4785761833190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-tree","display_name":"Binary tree","score":0.43101179599761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4116969704627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0837768018245697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.07501140236854553}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7970051169395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7783132791519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7548189759254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7400356531143188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6162844896316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6146860718727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5815407633781433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5749334692955017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5451450347900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5402019619941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4785761833190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.43101179599761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4116969704627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0837768018245697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.07501140236854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2009.5372913","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5372913","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition &amp; Understanding","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.297.7857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.297.7857","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://mi.eng.cam.ac.uk/~mjfg/gales_ASRU09.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:152855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/152855/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:323803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/323803/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169610","https://openalex.org/W51508392","https://openalex.org/W158643468","https://openalex.org/W1487784522","https://openalex.org/W1556556182","https://openalex.org/W1573570773","https://openalex.org/W2040672759","https://openalex.org/W2103342147","https://openalex.org/W2115281877","https://openalex.org/W2137401359","https://openalex.org/W2140409019","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2157239837","https://openalex.org/W2157791002","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W4205687621","https://openalex.org/W6600089577","https://openalex.org/W6633234927","https://openalex.org/W6634340323","https://openalex.org/W6680522077","https://openalex.org/W6683380652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W2167155152","https://openalex.org/W2104406636","https://openalex.org/W2132937675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"discriminative":[1],"classifiers,":[2,60],"such":[3,112],"as":[4,13,99,101,113],"Support":[5],"Vector":[6],"Machines":[7],"(SVMs)":[8],"in":[9,41,80,106],"combination":[10],"with,":[11],"or":[12],"an":[14],"alternative":[15],"to,":[16],"Hidden":[17],"Markov":[18],"Models":[19],"(HMMs)":[20],"has":[21],"a":[22,64,121],"number":[23],"of":[24,38,51,88,103,124],"advantages":[25],"for":[26,94,133],"difficult":[27],"speech":[28,62],"recognition":[29],"tasks.":[30],"For":[31],"example,":[32],"the":[33,42,48,81,104,117],"models":[34],"can":[35,127],"make":[36],"use":[37],"additional":[39],"dependencies":[40],"observation":[43],"sequences":[44],"than":[45],"HMMs":[46],"provided":[47],"appropriate":[49],"form":[50],"kernel":[52],"is":[53,63],"used.":[54],"However":[55],"standard":[56],"SVMs":[57,70],"are":[58,97,141],"binary":[59],"and":[61,152],"multi-class":[65],"problem.":[66],"Furthermore,":[67],"to":[68,71,109,136],"train":[69],"distinguish":[72],"word":[73,78],"pairs":[74],"requires":[75],"that":[76],"each":[77],"appears":[79],"training":[82,118],"data.":[83,156],"This":[84],"paper":[85],"examines":[86],"both":[87],"these":[89],"limitations.":[90],"Tree-based":[91],"reduction":[92],"approaches":[93,140],"multiclass":[95],"classification":[96],"described,":[98],"well":[100],"some":[102],"issues":[105],"applying":[107],"them":[108],"dynamic":[110],"data,":[111],"speech.":[114],"To":[115],"address":[116],"data":[119,132],"issues,":[120],"simplified":[122],"version":[123],"HMM-based":[125],"synthesis":[126],"be":[128,137],"used,":[129],"which":[130],"allows":[131],"any":[134],"word-pair":[135],"generated.":[138],"These":[139],"evaluated":[142],"on":[143],"two":[144],"noise":[145],"corrupted":[146],"digit":[147],"sequence":[148],"tasks:":[149],"AURORA":[150],"2.0;":[151],"actual":[153],"in-car":[154],"collected":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
