{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118821859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430193","title":"Analytical comparison between position specific posterior lattices and confusion networks based on words and subword units for spoken document indexing","display_name":"Analytical comparison between position specific posterior lattices and confusion networks based on words and subword units for spoken document indexing","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118821859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430193","mag":"2118821859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2007.4430193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430193","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition &amp; Understanding (ASRU)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014110043","display_name":"Yicheng Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4918-3808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-cheng Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","National Taiwan University, Taipei,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017191216","display_name":"Hung-lin Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hung-lin Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","National Taiwan University, Taipei,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044010123","display_name":"Lin-shan Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin-shan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","National Taiwan University, Taipei,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2257,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89504349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"677","last_page":"682"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.8015381693840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7793787717819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.7622766494750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.567878782749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5121983885765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4985690116882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4534206688404083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.37359702587127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3684103786945343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1362546682357788}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.8015381693840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7793787717819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.7622766494750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.567878782749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5121983885765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4985690116882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4534206688404083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.37359702587127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3684103786945343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1362546682357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2007.4430193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430193","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition &amp; Understanding (ASRU)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:140.112.114.62:246246/220170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/220170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402491","display_name":"NTUR (\u81fa\u7063\u6a5f\u69cb\u5178\u85cf)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","host_organization_name":"National Taiwan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.219.2989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.219.2989","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~gpenn/csc2518/pan-etal07.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.740.8656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.740.8656","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://speech.ee.ntu.edu.tw/%7ERA/lab/html/thesis/IEEEXplore_6.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49437105","https://openalex.org/W52233812","https://openalex.org/W1520927580","https://openalex.org/W1996034123","https://openalex.org/W2050309898","https://openalex.org/W2063614293","https://openalex.org/W2080141381","https://openalex.org/W2110145858","https://openalex.org/W2134659216","https://openalex.org/W2168037476","https://openalex.org/W2168119002","https://openalex.org/W2186490579","https://openalex.org/W2594610113","https://openalex.org/W6602155318","https://openalex.org/W6631008252","https://openalex.org/W6676737468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3024364549","https://openalex.org/W2964976023","https://openalex.org/W1982477181","https://openalex.org/W2403083015","https://openalex.org/W4285488523","https://openalex.org/W4206019083","https://openalex.org/W2011367623","https://openalex.org/W2048865712","https://openalex.org/W2734065904","https://openalex.org/W2027125286"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"analytically":[4],"compare":[5],"the":[6,123],"two":[7,37],"widely":[8],"accepted":[9],"approaches":[10,38],"of":[11,26,41,47],"spoken":[12],"document":[13],"indexing,":[14],"Position":[15],"Specific":[16],"Posterior":[17],"Lattices":[18],"(PSPL)":[19],"and":[20,29,51,86],"Confusion":[21],"Network":[22],"(CN),":[23],"in":[24,39,56,66,73,83],"terms":[25,40],"retrieval":[27],"accuracy":[28,102],"index":[30],"size.":[31],"The":[32],"fundamental":[33],"distinctions":[34],"between":[35],"these":[36],"construction":[42],"units,":[43],"posterior":[44,64],"probabilities,":[45],"number":[46],"clusters,":[48],"indexing":[49],"coverage":[50],"space":[52],"requirements":[53],"are":[54],"discussed":[55],"detail.":[57],"A":[58],"new":[59],"approach":[60],"to":[61,75,116],"approximate":[62],"subword":[63],"probability":[65],"a":[67],"word":[68,78],"lattice":[69],"is":[70],"also":[71],"incorporated":[72],"PSPL/CN":[74],"handle":[76],"OOV/rare":[77],"problems,":[79],"which":[80],"were":[81],"unaddressed":[82],"original":[84],"PSPL":[85,99,113],"CN":[87,104],"approaches.":[88],"Extensive":[89],"experimental":[90],"results":[91],"on":[92],"Chinese":[93],"broadcast":[94],"news":[95],"segments":[96],"indicate":[97],"that":[98],"offers":[100,127],"higher":[101,129],"than":[103],"but":[105],"requiring":[106],"much":[107],"larger":[108],"disk":[109],"space,":[110],"while":[111,126],"subword-based":[112],"turns":[114],"out":[115],"be":[117],"very":[118],"attractive":[119],"because":[120],"it":[121],"lowers":[122],"storage":[124],"cost":[125],"even":[128],"accuracies.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
