{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161569499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430156","title":"An algorithm for fast composition of weighted finite-state transducers","display_name":"An algorithm for fast composition of weighted finite-state transducers","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161569499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430156","mag":"2161569499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2007.4430156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430156","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition &amp; Understanding (ASRU)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106034394","display_name":"John McDonough","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John McDonough","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insitute for Intelligent Sensor-Actuator Systems, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany","Spoken Language Systems, University of Saarland, Saarbruecken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insitute for Intelligent Sensor-Actuator Systems, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spoken Language Systems, University of Saarland, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064739113","display_name":"Emilian Stoimenov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilian Stoimenov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008875255","display_name":"Dietrich Klakow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-9690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dietrich Klakow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spoken Language Systems, University of Saarland, Saarbruecken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spoken Language Systems, University of Saarland, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106034394"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I91712215"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2854,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92739055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"461","last_page":"466"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.7900182008743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7054141759872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5935365557670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.5757051706314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5626686811447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-the-fly","display_name":"On the fly","score":0.5225046277046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composition","display_name":"Composition (language)","score":0.4966633915901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.42256003618240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.35947656631469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.28427577018737793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.7900182008743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7054141759872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5935365557670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.5757051706314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5626686811447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781020372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533093","display_name":"On the fly","level":2,"score":0.5225046277046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.4966633915901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.42256003618240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.35947656631469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.28427577018737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2007.4430156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430156","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition &amp; Understanding (ASRU)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10656737","https://openalex.org/W1493163583","https://openalex.org/W1531348272","https://openalex.org/W1599512239","https://openalex.org/W1625762979","https://openalex.org/W1978434663","https://openalex.org/W2002342963","https://openalex.org/W2036089637","https://openalex.org/W2044145689","https://openalex.org/W2046932483","https://openalex.org/W2106554350","https://openalex.org/W2119243469","https://openalex.org/W2125529971","https://openalex.org/W2137446469","https://openalex.org/W2139737683","https://openalex.org/W2144462324","https://openalex.org/W2146871184","https://openalex.org/W2147542668","https://openalex.org/W2154194560","https://openalex.org/W2157953146","https://openalex.org/W2165325039","https://openalex.org/W3147651518","https://openalex.org/W6600442302","https://openalex.org/W6659137435","https://openalex.org/W6678720029","https://openalex.org/W6680390921","https://openalex.org/W6684570006"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353179089","https://openalex.org/W2923538289","https://openalex.org/W2353125546","https://openalex.org/W2470643824","https://openalex.org/W2349635380","https://openalex.org/W2353819554","https://openalex.org/W2359488321","https://openalex.org/W2389866386","https://openalex.org/W4353089801","https://openalex.org/W2131379912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,20],"automatic":[1],"speech":[2,85],"recognition":[3,86,97,135],"based":[4,87,98,136],"on":[5,88,99,137],"weighted-finite":[6],"transducers,":[7],"a":[8,125],"static":[9,65,139],"decoding":[10,31,140],"graph":[11,32],"HC":[12,77],"o":[13,15,80],"L":[14,79],"G":[16],"is":[17],"typically":[18],"constructed.":[19],"this":[21,89],"work,":[22],"we":[23],"first":[24],"show":[25,62],"how":[26,63],"the":[27,30,37,47,53,64,100,118,121,134,138],"size":[28],"of":[29,39,76,127],"can":[33,42,67],"be":[34,43,68],"reduced":[35],"and":[36,78],"necessity":[38],"determinizing":[40],"it":[41,106],"eliminated":[44],"by":[45,71],"removing":[46],"ambiguity":[48],"associated":[49],"with":[50,109],"transitions":[51],"to":[52],"backoff":[54],"state":[55],"or":[56],"states":[57],"in":[58,117],"G.":[59,81],"We":[60,82],"then":[61],"construction":[66],"avoided":[69],"entirely":[70],"performing":[72],"fast":[73],"on-the-fly":[74,90],"composition":[75,91],"demonstrate":[83],"that":[84,114],"approximately":[92,128],"80%":[93],"more":[94],"run-time":[95],"than":[96],"statically-expanded":[101],"network":[102],"R,":[103],"which":[104],"makes":[105],"competitive":[107],"compared":[108],"other":[110],"dynamic":[111,122],"expansion":[112],"algorithms":[113],"have":[115],"appeared":[116],"literature.":[119],"Moreover,":[120],"algorithm":[123],"requires":[124],"factor":[126],"seven":[129],"less":[130],"main":[131],"memory":[132],"as":[133],"graph.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
