{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170198242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430106","title":"Spoken language understanding with kernels for syntactic/semantic structures","display_name":"Spoken language understanding with kernels for syntactic/semantic structures","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170198242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430106","mag":"2170198242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2007.4430106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430106","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition & Understanding (ASRU)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056376686","display_name":"Alessandro Moschitti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2216-8034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Moschitti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Trento, Italy","Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062879885","display_name":"Giuseppe Riccardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0739-8184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Riccardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Trento, Italy","Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073795682","display_name":"Christian Raymond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0963-9367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119991","display_name":"Laboratoire Informatique d'Avignon","ror":"https://ror.org/02n399288","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198415970","https://openalex.org/I4210119991"]}],"countries":["FR","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Raymond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Trento, Italy","Laboratoire Informatique d'Avignon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Informatique d'Avignon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119991"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056376686"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9460457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"183","last_page":"188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8824689984321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7572134733200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7421124577522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.6600673198699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5944567918777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.522922158241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoken-language","display_name":"Spoken language","score":0.5082499384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.48798125982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4802534878253937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.4254898428916931}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8824689984321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7572134733200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7421124577522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.6600673198699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5944567918777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.522922158241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.5082499384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.48798125982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4802534878253937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.4254898428916931}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2007.4430106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430106","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition & Understanding (ASRU)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01311543v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01311543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition & Understanding, 2007. ASRU., 2007, Kyoto, Japan. ⟨10.1109/ASRU.2007.4430106⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/78011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11572/78011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W149113674","https://openalex.org/W169943709","https://openalex.org/W1576520375","https://openalex.org/W1587871245","https://openalex.org/W1988995507","https://openalex.org/W1990549830","https://openalex.org/W2010456335","https://openalex.org/W2046932483","https://openalex.org/W2047237057","https://openalex.org/W2096435848","https://openalex.org/W2104408895","https://openalex.org/W2131297983","https://openalex.org/W2133864802","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2155858122","https://openalex.org/W2160042006","https://openalex.org/W2166293310","https://openalex.org/W3014813097","https://openalex.org/W6606067871","https://openalex.org/W6606949179","https://openalex.org/W6634442568","https://openalex.org/W6635263265","https://openalex.org/W6680007464","https://openalex.org/W6682082992","https://openalex.org/W6683366680","https://openalex.org/W6684017090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W2152075398","https://openalex.org/W4396941953","https://openalex.org/W2987280934","https://openalex.org/W2293063786","https://openalex.org/W2911292476","https://openalex.org/W2962716343","https://openalex.org/W2765804957","https://openalex.org/W43702919","https://openalex.org/W845924147"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"concept":[1,78,135],"segmentation":[2,76],"and":[3,77,108,129,147],"labeling":[4],"are":[5,18],"the":[6,31,36,72,84,87,109,113,131,141],"fundamental":[7],"problems":[8],"of":[9,35,74,83,89],"spoken":[10,37],"language":[11,123],"understanding":[12],"in":[13,68,98],"dialog":[14,40],"systems.":[15],"Such":[16],"tasks":[17],"usually":[19],"approached":[20],"by":[21],"using":[22],"generative":[23],"or":[24,33],"discriminative":[25,99],"models":[26,153],"based":[27,158],"on":[28,112],"n-grams.":[29],"As":[30],"uncertainty":[32],"ambiguity":[34],"input":[38],"to":[39,45,62,70,151],"system":[41],"increase,":[42],"we":[43],"expect":[44],"need":[46],"dependencies":[47,65],"beyond":[48],"n-gram":[49,157],"statistics.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"paper,":[53],"a":[54],"general":[55],"purpose":[56],"statistical":[57,127],"syntactic":[58,132],"parser":[59,128],"is":[60,86,144],"used":[61],"detect":[63],"syntactic/semantic":[64,96],"between":[66],"concepts":[67],"order":[69],"increase":[71],"accuracy":[73],"sentence":[75],"labeling.":[79],"The":[80,117,137],"main":[81],"novelty":[82],"approach":[85],"use":[88],"new":[90],"tree":[91],"kernel":[92],"functions":[93],"which":[94],"encode":[95],"structures":[97],"learning":[100],"models.":[101,159],"We":[102],"experimented":[103],"with":[104,125,134,149,156],"support":[105],"vector":[106],"machines":[107],"above":[110],"kernels":[111],"standard":[114],"ATIS":[115],"dataset.":[116],"proposed":[118,142],"algorithm":[119],"automatically":[120],"parses":[121],"natural":[122],"text":[124],"off-the-shelf":[126],"labels":[130],"(sub)trees":[133],"labels.":[136],"results":[138],"show":[139],"that":[140],"model":[143],"very":[145],"accurate":[146],"competitive":[148],"respect":[150],"state-of-the-art":[152],"when":[154],"combined":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}