{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4252214219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2018.8297294","title":"DRL-cloud: Deep reinforcement learning-based resource provisioning and task scheduling for cloud service providers","display_name":"DRL-cloud: Deep reinforcement learning-based resource provisioning and task scheduling for cloud service providers","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4252214219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2018.8297294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aspdac.2018.8297294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2018.8297294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608266","display_name":"2018 23rd Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 23rd Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057367919","display_name":"Mingxi Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8070-6665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxi Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421180","display_name":"Ji Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4699-084X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065681916","display_name":"Shahin Nazarian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahin Nazarian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":189,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"129","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8250569701194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7997828125953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.719153106212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6521901488304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.645647406578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5633777379989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4628972113132477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.4380497932434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4272284507751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4190850555896759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.27404165267944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26657015085220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.23701965808868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10326400399208069}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8250569701194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7997828125953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.719153106212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6521901488304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.645647406578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5633777379989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4628972113132477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.4380497932434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4272284507751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4190850555896759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27404165267944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26657015085220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.23701965808868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10326400399208069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aspdac.2018.8297294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2018.8297294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608266","display_name":"2018 23rd Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 23rd Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1262401806","https://openalex.org/W1965018830","https://openalex.org/W1984560471","https://openalex.org/W2017855273","https://openalex.org/W2037200989","https://openalex.org/W2044372531","https://openalex.org/W2129670787","https://openalex.org/W2137695118","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2153947321","https://openalex.org/W2254253446","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2320852659","https://openalex.org/W2401433055","https://openalex.org/W2534761338","https://openalex.org/W2549630556","https://openalex.org/W2551814622","https://openalex.org/W2588861206","https://openalex.org/W2597068831","https://openalex.org/W2606469231","https://openalex.org/W2610383189","https://openalex.org/W2612565436","https://openalex.org/W2616152995","https://openalex.org/W2616747538","https://openalex.org/W2762734442","https://openalex.org/W2921710879","https://openalex.org/W4239429564","https://openalex.org/W4252624212","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W4399637226","https://openalex.org/W6641358797","https://openalex.org/W6682802936","https://openalex.org/W6728262855","https://openalex.org/W6733557639","https://openalex.org/W6736956795"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2893779165","https://openalex.org/W2017432143","https://openalex.org/W1973694374","https://openalex.org/W2983574358","https://openalex.org/W2370475531","https://openalex.org/W2092530219","https://openalex.org/W4385924768","https://openalex.org/W4256551238","https://openalex.org/W2610550183","https://openalex.org/W2388464034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0,16],"computing":[1,6],"has":[2],"become":[3],"an":[4,244],"attractive":[5],"paradigm":[7],"in":[8],"both":[9],"academia":[10],"and":[11,36,47,50,54,128,179,192,194,251],"industry.":[12],"Through":[13],"virtualization":[14],"technology,":[15],"Service":[17],"Providers":[18],"(CSPs)":[19],"that":[20,110,144],"own":[21],"data":[22,70],"centers":[23],"can":[24],"structure":[25],"physical":[26],"servers":[27,143,250],"into":[28],"Virtual":[29],"Machines":[30],"(VMs)":[31],"to":[32,38,59,80,131,161,230,255,265],"provide":[33],"services,":[34],"resources,":[35],"infrastructures":[37],"users.":[39],"Profit-driven":[40],"CSPs":[41,68,137],"charge":[42],"users":[43],"for":[44,135],"service":[45],"access":[46],"VM":[48],"rental,":[49],"reduce":[51,81],"power":[52],"consumption":[53],"electric":[55,181],"bills":[56],"so":[57],"as":[58,175,187,208,210],"increase":[60],"profit":[61],"margin.":[62],"The":[63],"key":[64],"challenge":[65],"faced":[66],"by":[67,168],"is":[69,106,159],"center":[71],"energy":[72,82,133,202,222,232],"cost":[73,83,134,203,233],"minimization.":[74],"Prior":[75],"works":[76],"proposed":[77,197,226,261],"various":[78],"algorithms":[79],"through":[84],"Resource":[85],"Provisioning":[86],"(RP)":[87],"and/or":[88],"Task":[89],"Scheduling":[90],"(TS).":[91],"However,":[92],"they":[93],"have":[94],"scalability":[95],"issues":[96],"or":[97],"do":[98],"not":[99],"consider":[100],"TS":[101,129],"with":[102,138,213,217,248],"task":[103],"dependencies,":[104],"which":[105],"a":[107,121,256],"crucial":[108],"factor":[109],"ensures":[111],"correct":[112],"parallel":[113],"execution":[114],"of":[115,142,148,219],"tasks.":[116],"This":[117],"paper":[118],"presents":[119],"DRL-Cloud,":[120],"novel":[122],"Deep":[123],"Reinforcement":[124],"Learning":[125],"(DRL)-based":[126],"RP":[127],"system,":[130],"minimize":[132],"large-scale":[136],"very":[139],"large":[140],"number":[141],"receive":[145],"enormous":[146],"numbers":[147],"user":[149,176],"requests":[150],"per":[151],"day.":[152],"A":[153],"deep":[154],"Q-learning-based":[155],"two-stage":[156],"RP-TS":[157],"processor":[158],"designed":[160],"automatically":[162],"generate":[163],"the":[164,171,196,220,225,260],"best":[165],"long-term":[166],"decisions":[167],"learning":[169],"from":[170],"changing":[172],"environment":[173],"such":[174,186],"request":[177],"patterns":[178],"realistic":[180],"price.":[182],"With":[183],"training":[184],"techniques":[185],"target":[188],"network,":[189],"experience":[190],"replay,":[191],"exploration":[193],"exploitation,":[195],"DRL-Cloud":[198,227,262],"achieves":[199,228,263],"remarkably":[200],"high":[201],"efficiency,":[204],"low":[205,211],"reject":[206,239],"rate":[207,240],"well":[209],"runtime":[212,267],"fast":[214,257],"convergence.":[215],"Compared":[216],"one":[218],"state-of-the-art":[221],"efficient":[223],"algorithms,":[224],"up":[229,264],"320%":[231],"efficiency":[234],"improvement":[235],"while":[236],"maintaining":[237],"lower":[238],"on":[241],"average.":[242],"For":[243],"example":[245],"CSP":[246],"setup":[247],"5,000":[249],"200,000":[252],"tasks,":[253],"compared":[254],"round-robin":[258],"baseline,":[259],"144%":[266],"reduction.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}