{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015507297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2015.7059112","title":"IC Piracy prevention via Design Withholding and Entanglement","display_name":"IC Piracy prevention via Design Withholding and Entanglement","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015507297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2015.7059112","mag":"2015507297"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aspdac.2015.7059112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2015.7059112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 20th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077388776","display_name":"Soroush Khaleghi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soroush Khaleghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA","ECE Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101552691","display_name":"Kai Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0340-279X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Da Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA","ECE Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030760900","display_name":"Wenjing Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8633-9512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjing Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA","ECE Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077388776"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1988,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94097504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"821","last_page":"826"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.972100019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6898386478424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6809042692184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5856198668479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","score":0.5196265578269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.5142742991447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.48374176025390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit-design","display_name":"Integrated circuit design","score":0.4744773209095001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.46935588121414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moores-law","display_name":"Moore's law","score":0.45723921060562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4397926926612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.4168485999107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4111087918281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10495373606681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.09686017036437988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6898386478424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6809042692184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5856198668479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5196265578269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.5142742991447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.48374176025390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74524168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074539","display_name":"Integrated circuit design","level":2,"score":0.4744773209095001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46935588121414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206891323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178655","display_name":"Moore's law","level":2,"score":0.45723921060562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4397926926612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.4168485999107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4111087918281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10495373606681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.09686017036437988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aspdac.2015.7059112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2015.7059112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 20th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57830606","https://openalex.org/W1554885925","https://openalex.org/W1906914439","https://openalex.org/W1986199670","https://openalex.org/W2012725064","https://openalex.org/W2028522822","https://openalex.org/W2031984241","https://openalex.org/W2054606206","https://openalex.org/W2067276029","https://openalex.org/W2075795621","https://openalex.org/W2106409910","https://openalex.org/W2115394282","https://openalex.org/W2124954128","https://openalex.org/W2130022711","https://openalex.org/W2140904634","https://openalex.org/W3150532282","https://openalex.org/W4247267706","https://openalex.org/W4248383989","https://openalex.org/W4302458519","https://openalex.org/W6675797392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2759901721","https://openalex.org/W2890837522","https://openalex.org/W4383501341","https://openalex.org/W4220808253","https://openalex.org/W3171160604","https://openalex.org/W2546537079","https://openalex.org/W2758713392","https://openalex.org/W1543496531","https://openalex.org/W1492970950","https://openalex.org/W2808465023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Globalization":[0],"of":[1,20,47,59,105,130,176,178,188,205,237,252,266],"the":[2,18,48,60,75,82,122,128,139,157,162,169,183,195,203,211,216,228,235,239,248,264,267],"semiconductor":[3],"industry":[4],"has":[5,134,258],"raised":[6],"serious":[7],"concerns":[8],"about":[9],"trustworthy":[10],"hardware.":[11],"Particularly,":[12],"an":[13,256],"untrusted":[14],"manufacturer":[15],"can":[16,154,207],"steal":[17],"information":[19],"a":[21,45,51,71,103,111,116,147,173],"design":[22,49],"(Reverse":[23],"Engineering),":[24],"and/or":[25],"produce":[26],"extra":[27],"chips":[28,62],"illegally":[29],"(IC":[30],"Piracy).":[31],"Among":[32],"many":[33],"candidates":[34],"that":[35,57,133,255],"address":[36],"these":[37],"attacks,":[38,107],"Design":[39,158],"Withholding":[40,159],"techniques":[41],"work":[42,224],"by":[43,127,167,231],"replacing":[44],"part":[46],"with":[50,198],"reconfigurable":[52,83],"block":[53,84],"on":[54,85,215,234,247],"chip,":[55],"so":[56],"none":[58],"manufactured":[61],"will":[63],"function":[64,77],"properly":[65],"until":[66],"they":[67],"are":[68,91,95,165],"activated":[69],"in":[70,110],"trusted":[72],"facility,":[73],"where":[74],"withheld":[76],"is":[78,125,191],"restored":[79],"back":[80],"into":[81],"chip.":[86],"However,":[87],"most":[88],"existing":[89],"approaches":[90],"ad-hoc":[92],"based,":[93],"and":[94,118],"facing":[96],"two":[97],"major":[98],"challenges:":[99],"1)":[100,161],"susceptibility":[101],"to":[102,135,171,259,270],"category":[104],"algorithmic":[106,163],"from":[108,227],"attackers":[109],"strong":[112],"position,":[113],"such":[114,253],"as":[115],"manufacturer;":[117],"2)":[119,182],"scaling":[120],"up":[121],"defense":[123],"level":[124],"checkmated":[126],"explosion":[129],"hardware":[131,200,212,268],"cost":[132,185,204],"be":[136,208,271],"paid":[137],"at":[138,194],"designer's":[140,196,217],"side.":[141],"In":[142],"this":[143],"paper,":[144],"we":[145],"propose":[146],"novel":[148],"protection":[149],"scheme,":[150],"called":[151],"Entanglement,":[152],"which":[153],"substantially":[155],"strengthen":[156],"framework:":[160],"attacks":[164],"prevented":[166],"forcing":[168],"attacker":[170,257],"solve":[172],"huge":[174],"number":[175,251],"problems":[177,254],"high":[179],"computational":[180,189],"complexity;":[181],"attack":[184,206],"(in":[186],"terms":[187],"complexity)":[190],"quantitatively":[192],"controllable":[193],"end,":[197],"low":[199],"overhead:":[201],"while":[202,261],"increased":[209],"exponentially,":[210],"overhead":[213,269],"imposed":[214],"side":[218],"grows":[219],"only":[220],"linearly.":[221],"The":[222],"proposed":[223],"distinguishes":[225],"itself":[226],"previous":[229],"works":[230],"not":[232],"relying":[233],"difficulty":[236],"finding":[238],"solution":[240],"for":[241],"some":[242],"NP-Complete/NP-Hard":[243],"problems,":[244],"but":[245],"rather,":[246],"exponentially":[249],"boosted":[250],"solve,":[260],"carefully":[262],"maintaining":[263],"growth":[265],"scalable":[272],"via":[273],"Entanglement.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}