{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2064360736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2015.7059056","title":"Minimizing MLC PCM write energy for free through profiling-based state remapping","display_name":"Minimizing MLC PCM write energy for free through profiling-based state remapping","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2064360736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2015.7059056","mag":"2064360736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aspdac.2015.7059056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2015.7059056","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 20th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061455216","display_name":"Mengying Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mengying Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000876494","display_name":"Yuan Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-165X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, USA","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Delaware, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Delaware, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016268650","display_name":"Chengmo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0978-1504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengmo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, USA","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Delaware, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Delaware, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101441768","display_name":"Chun Jason Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-9868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Jason Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061455216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96215193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":null,"first_page":"502","last_page":"507"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8174769878387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change-memory","display_name":"Phase-change memory","score":0.8094025254249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.7137415409088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6567373871803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.5984554290771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-random-access-memory","display_name":"Dynamic random-access memory","score":0.543030858039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.49531903862953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.491283118724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.48073506355285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4465208649635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.44560351967811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4401724338531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.42886024713516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.42856618762016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3958824872970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.38531413674354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.26140034198760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.13887912034988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09259557723999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09254452586174011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change","display_name":"Phase change","score":0.07940950989723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07014021277427673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8174769878387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64142963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153902","display_name":"Phase-change memory","level":3,"score":0.8094025254249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.7137415409088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6567373871803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5984554290771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118702147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189396","display_name":"Dynamic random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.543030858039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.49531903862953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.491283118724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.48073506355285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4465208649635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44560351967811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4401724338531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42886024713516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.42856618762016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3958824872970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38531413674354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26140034198760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.13887912034988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09259557723999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09254452586174011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133256868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180940","display_name":"Phase change","level":2,"score":0.07940950989723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07014021277427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aspdac.2015.7059056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2015.7059056","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 20th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1651703287","https://openalex.org/W1964531213","https://openalex.org/W1986817878","https://openalex.org/W1987201308","https://openalex.org/W1989660200","https://openalex.org/W2023294760","https://openalex.org/W2028300596","https://openalex.org/W2047427636","https://openalex.org/W2048588974","https://openalex.org/W2102449048","https://openalex.org/W2124632665","https://openalex.org/W2132792130","https://openalex.org/W2143104608","https://openalex.org/W2147341731","https://openalex.org/W2150245818","https://openalex.org/W2998915116","https://openalex.org/W4234346842","https://openalex.org/W6656133686"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2518930778","https://openalex.org/W2979599569","https://openalex.org/W3007039213","https://openalex.org/W3094611732","https://openalex.org/W2533585248","https://openalex.org/W2559795407","https://openalex.org/W2944414554","https://openalex.org/W2000563648","https://openalex.org/W3009022466","https://openalex.org/W2123644672"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phase":[0],"change":[1],"memory":[2,16],"is":[3],"becoming":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,33,85],"the":[7,67,126,130],"most":[8,127],"promising":[9],"candidates":[10],"to":[11,42,45,65,109],"replace":[12],"DRAM":[13],"as":[14],"main":[15],"in":[17,31,52,83,88,112],"deep":[18],"sub-micron":[19],"regime.":[20],"Multi-level":[21],"cell":[22,28],"(MLC)":[23],"PCM":[24,30,114],"outperforms":[25],"single":[26],"level":[27],"(SLC)":[29],"terms":[32,84],"storage":[34],"capacity":[35],"but":[36],"requires":[37],"an":[38,94],"iterative":[39],"programming-and-verifying":[40],"scheme":[41,132],"program":[43],"cells":[44],"different":[46,54],"resistance":[47],"levels.":[48],"The":[49,102],"energy":[50,136,144],"consumed":[51],"programming":[53],"MLC":[55,113],"states":[56],"varies":[57],"significantly,":[58],"thus":[59],"motivating":[60],"a":[61],"state":[62,80,99],"remapping":[63,81,100],"technique":[64],"minimize":[66],"overall":[68],"write":[69,115,135],"energy.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72],"paper,":[73],"we":[74],"first":[75],"compare":[76],"dynamic":[77],"and":[78,91,96,121,143],"static":[79,98],"strategies":[82],"their":[86],"efficacy":[87],"reducing":[89],"energy,":[90,116],"then":[92],"propose":[93],"effective":[95],"low-cost":[97],"algorithm.":[101],"experimental":[103],"studies":[104],"show":[105],"10.6%":[106],"average":[107],"(up":[108],"16.9%)":[110],"reduction":[111],"achieved":[117],"within":[118],"negligible":[119],"hardware":[120],"performance":[122],"overhead.":[123,145],"Compared":[124],"with":[125,139],"related":[128],"work,":[129],"proposed":[131],"saves":[133],"more":[134],"on":[137],"average,":[138],"near-zero":[140],"performance,":[141],"area":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}