{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135206058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2012.6165056","title":"The synthesis of linear Finite State Machine-based Stochastic Computational Elements","display_name":"The synthesis of linear Finite State Machine-based Stochastic Computational Elements","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135206058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2012.6165056","mag":"2135206058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aspdac.2012.6165056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2012.6165056","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"17th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432722","display_name":"Peng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-2384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin city, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin city, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036572182","display_name":"Weikang Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5129-9431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weikang Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Shanghai Jiaotong University Joint Institute, Shanghai, China","University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Shanghai Jiaotong University Joint Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103212398","display_name":"Marc D. Riedel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-346X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc D. Riedel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin city, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin city, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013257804","display_name":"Kia Bazargan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3624-7366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kia Bazargan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin city, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin city, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090091276","display_name":"David J. Lilja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3785-8206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Lilja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin city, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin city, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100432722"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2569,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95880441,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"757","last_page":"762"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-computing","display_name":"Stochastic computing","score":0.8388063907623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponentiation","display_name":"Exponentiation","score":0.7645386457443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinational-logic","display_name":"Combinational logic","score":0.7397730350494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.6791105270385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6662234663963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-logic","display_name":"Sequential logic","score":0.533809244632721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-electronics","display_name":"Digital electronics","score":0.48500344157218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.43830546736717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4190729856491089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterministic-finite-automaton","display_name":"Deterministic finite automaton","score":0.4114909768104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40616297721862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.40041664242744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.38313382863998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.24978074431419373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1961515247821808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780971903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2933705","display_name":"Stochastic computing","level":3,"score":0.8388063907623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81539297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33456","display_name":"Exponentiation","level":2,"score":0.7645386457443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81409106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76505","display_name":"Combinational logic","level":3,"score":0.7397730350494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.6791105270385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6662234663963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187075797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173245","display_name":"Sequential logic","level":3,"score":0.533809244632721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81843906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173156","display_name":"Digital electronics","level":3,"score":0.48500344157218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.43830546736717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4190729856491089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104091681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837528","display_name":"Deterministic finite automaton","level":3,"score":0.4114909768104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40616297721862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.40041664242744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.38313382863998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.24978074431419373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1961515247821808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aspdac.2012.6165056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2012.6165056","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"17th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4709737212","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0845650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6671297155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAREER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967146963","https://openalex.org/W2082568343","https://openalex.org/W2098470668","https://openalex.org/W2101765144","https://openalex.org/W2118412406","https://openalex.org/W2151770284","https://openalex.org/W3149545534"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110968362","https://openalex.org/W4238178324","https://openalex.org/W2163776294","https://openalex.org/W3141297747","https://openalex.org/W2802749854","https://openalex.org/W4248668797","https://openalex.org/W2111485030","https://openalex.org/W4390345338","https://openalex.org/W2106889348","https://openalex.org/W2884916459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Stochastic":[1],"Computational":[2],"Element":[3],"(SCE)":[4],"uses":[5],"streams":[6],"of":[7,86,122,132,139],"random":[8],"bits":[9,11],"(stochastic":[10],"streams)":[12],"to":[13,41,64,99],"perform":[14],"computation":[15,25],"with":[16],"conventional":[17],"digital":[18],"logic":[19],"gates.":[20],"It":[21],"can":[22,38],"guarantee":[23],"reliable":[24],"using":[26],"unreliable":[27],"devices.":[28],"In":[29,78],"stochastic":[30,92],"computing,":[31],"the":[32,48,87,129,133],"linear":[33,67,88,102],"Finite":[34],"State":[35],"Machine":[36],"(FSM)":[37],"be":[39],"used":[40,90],"implement":[42],"some":[43],"sophisticated":[44],"functions,":[45,52],"such":[46],"as":[47],"exponentiation":[49],"and":[50,94],"tanh":[51],"more":[53,120],"efficiently":[54],"than":[55,125,137],"combinational":[56],"logic.":[57],"However,":[58],"a":[59,66,71,96,101,106],"general":[60,97],"approach":[61,98,114],"about":[62],"how":[63],"synthesize":[65,100],"FSM-based":[68,103],"SCE":[69,104],"for":[70,105],"target":[72,107],"function":[73],"has":[74],"not":[75],"been":[76],"available.":[77],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"we":[81],"will":[82],"introduce":[83],"three":[84],"properties":[85],"FSM":[89],"in":[91],"computing":[93],"demonstrate":[95],"function.":[108],"Experimental":[109],"results":[110],"show":[111],"that":[112,117,138],"our":[113],"produces":[115],"circuits":[116,134],"are":[118,135],"much":[119],"tolerant":[121],"soft":[123],"errors":[124],"deterministic":[126,140],"implementations,":[127],"while":[128],"area-delay":[130],"product":[131],"less":[136],"implementations.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
