{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134943908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac66049.2026.11420635","title":"SCION: A Comprehensive Simulation Framework for Charge-based In-Memory Computing for Rapid Evaluation of Hardware Non-Idealities and DNN Accuracy","display_name":"SCION: A Comprehensive Simulation Framework for Charge-based In-Memory Computing for Rapid Evaluation of Hardware Non-Idealities and DNN Accuracy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134943908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac66049.2026.11420635"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asp-dac66049.2026.11420635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac66049.2026.11420635","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 31st Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128766609","display_name":"Doug Hyun Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doug Hyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035901172","display_name":"Akul Malhotra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6152-2377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akul Malhotra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044276472","display_name":"Sumeet Kumar Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5609-9722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumeet Kumar Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"829","last_page":"836"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.7099000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.7099000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.1356000006198883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.028599999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.2987000048160553}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6643999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.24779999256134033}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asp-dac66049.2026.11420635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac66049.2026.11420635","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 31st Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2002555321","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2920326572","https://openalex.org/W3015271406","https://openalex.org/W3026786299","https://openalex.org/W3033519076","https://openalex.org/W3091835145","https://openalex.org/W3164913974","https://openalex.org/W3167074369","https://openalex.org/W3186879574","https://openalex.org/W4243519499","https://openalex.org/W4292169167","https://openalex.org/W4295956872","https://openalex.org/W4296704900","https://openalex.org/W4312727691","https://openalex.org/W4313639541","https://openalex.org/W4386524262","https://openalex.org/W4391576280","https://openalex.org/W4394891385","https://openalex.org/W4395081918","https://openalex.org/W4400315156","https://openalex.org/W4401537146","https://openalex.org/W4410582651"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Charge-based":[0],"in-memory":[1],"computing":[2],"(IMC)":[3],"has":[4],"shown":[5],"great":[6],"potential":[7],"in":[8,59,177],"achieving":[9],"higher":[10,194],"computational":[11],"robustness":[12],"compared":[13,159,187],"to":[14,40,88,125,137,151,160,188,196],"current-based":[15],"IMC.":[16],"However,":[17],"it":[18,38],"suffers":[19],"from":[20],"its":[21],"own":[22],"non-idealities":[23,58,139],"such":[24],"as":[25],"parasitic":[26],"capacitive":[27,122],"coupling.":[28,154],"Accurately":[29],"evaluating":[30],"these":[31,46],"effects":[32],"requires":[33],"time-intensive":[34],"SPICE":[35,89],"simulations,":[36],"making":[37],"challenging":[39],"conduct":[41],"cross-layer":[42],"exploration.":[43],"To":[44,142],"overcome":[45],"limitations,":[47],"we":[48,145],"propose":[49,146],"SCION,":[50],"a":[51,193],"PyTorch-based":[52],"framework":[53,103],"that":[54,75,143,158],"rigorously":[55],"models":[56],"hardware":[57],"charge-based":[60],"IMC":[61,79],"and":[62,112,164,180,201],"integrates":[63],"them":[64],"directly":[65],"with":[66,81,86,115],"DNN":[67],"inference":[68,131],"for":[69],"rapid":[70],"accuracy":[71,85,182],"evaluation.":[72],"We":[73,97,118,133],"show":[74,119,157],"SCION":[76],"predicts":[77],"the":[78,99,130,161],"output":[80],"more":[82],"than":[83],"99%":[84],"respect":[87],"while":[90],"offering":[91],"four":[92],"orders":[93],"of":[94,101],"magnitude":[95],"speedup.":[96],"demonstrate":[98],"capability":[100],"our":[102],"by":[104],"analyzing":[105],"an":[106],"SRAM-based":[107],"charge-IMC":[108],"accelerator":[109],"deploying":[110],"ResNet-50":[111],"ViT-small":[113],"DNNs":[114],"CIFAR-100":[116],"dataset.":[117],"how":[120],"inter-column":[121,153],"coupling":[123],"leads":[124],"data-dependent":[126],"non-idealities,":[127],"severely":[128],"impairing":[129],"accuracy.":[132],"also":[134],"explore":[135],"techniques":[136],"mitigate":[138],"using":[140],"SCION.":[141],"end,":[144],"alternate":[147],"column":[148],"enablement":[149],"(ACE)":[150],"eliminate":[152],"Our":[155],"results":[156],"baseline":[162],"design":[163],"another":[165],"non-ideality":[166],"mitigation":[167],"approach":[168],"based":[169],"on":[170],"ground":[171,189],"shielding,":[172,190],"ACE":[173,191],"achieves":[174],"significant":[175],"improvement":[176],"sense":[178],"margin":[179],"near-software":[181],"under":[183],"nominal":[184],"conditions.":[185],"Further,":[186],"exhibits":[192],"tolerance":[195],"analog-to-digital":[197],"converter":[198],"(ADC)":[199],"noise":[200],"superior":[202],"voltage":[203],"scalability.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-03-12T00:00:00"}