{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213041209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712593","title":"HACScale: Hardware-Aware Compound Scaling for Resource-Efficient DNNs","display_name":"HACScale: Hardware-Aware Compound Scaling for Resource-Efficient DNNs","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213041209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608500","display_name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/155808/2/asp_dac2022.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067594005","display_name":"Hao Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1378-0056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086365258","display_name":"\u0414\u0438 \u041b\u044e","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2021-4468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab,Singapore","HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060833244","display_name":"Xiangzhong Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-2248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangzhong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038598144","display_name":"Weichen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9348-4662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weichen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003757322","display_name":"Ravi Subramaniam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7118-0796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099960","display_name":"Systems Control (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/014tted12","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099960"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Subramaniam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovations and Experiences - Business Personal Systems, HP Inc., Palo Alto,California,USA","Innovations and Experiences - Business Personal Systems, HP Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovations and Experiences - Business Personal Systems, HP Inc., Palo Alto,California,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovations and Experiences - Business Personal Systems, HP Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067594005"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1198,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36493967,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"708","last_page":"713"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.7925597429275513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.7766509056091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7645094394683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7307706475257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.684447169303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.5581378936767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4508334696292877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.4419451355934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.42070022225379944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.33761781454086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.32076582312583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2496517300605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11450815200805664}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.7925597429275513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.7766509056091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7645094394683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7307706475257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.684447169303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.5581378936767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4508334696292877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.4419451355934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.42070022225379944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.33761781454086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.32076582312583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2496517300605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11450815200805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608500","display_name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/155808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/155808","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/155808/2/asp_dac2022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/155808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/155808","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/155808/2/asp_dac2022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213041209.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213041209.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2554302513","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2885311373","https://openalex.org/W2888727064","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2962861284","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963918968","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2965862774","https://openalex.org/W3034513523","https://openalex.org/W3035442140","https://openalex.org/W3174068320","https://openalex.org/W3211127556","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6694260854","https://openalex.org/W6713132643","https://openalex.org/W6729342207","https://openalex.org/W6730146958","https://openalex.org/W6736288088","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6753278433","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6786395696"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3205411230","https://openalex.org/W4286899009","https://openalex.org/W9168048","https://openalex.org/W4300849822","https://openalex.org/W4376480820","https://openalex.org/W3155891479","https://openalex.org/W3029351463","https://openalex.org/W4308600690","https://openalex.org/W4285818394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Model":[0],"scaling":[1,48,88],"is":[2],"an":[3],"effective":[4],"way":[5],"to":[6,50,72,98,106],"improve":[7,78],"the":[8,17,25,79,93,99,108,120,146],"accuracy":[9,100,111,133,147],"of":[10,31,62,69,81,95,140],"deep":[11],"neural":[12],"networks":[13],"(DNNs)":[14],"by":[15,123,148],"increasing":[16],"model":[18,47,113],"capacity.":[19],"However,":[20],"existing":[21],"approaches":[22],"seldom":[23],"consider":[24],"underlying":[26],"hardware,":[27],"causing":[28],"inefficient":[29],"utilization":[30,74,122],"hardware":[32,53,73,121],"resources":[33,54],"and":[34,75,101,112],"consequently":[35],"high":[36],"inference":[37],"latency.":[38],"In":[39,58],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"we":[42,84],"propose":[43],"HACScale,":[44,59,90],"a":[45,128,136],"hardware-aware":[46],"strategy":[49],"fully":[51],"exploit":[52],"for":[55],"higher":[56],"accuracy.":[57,76],"different":[60],"dimensions":[61],"DNNs":[63],"are":[64],"jointly":[65],"scaled":[66],"with":[67,135,150],"consideration":[68],"their":[70],"contributions":[71],"To":[77],"efficiency":[80],"width":[82,87],"scaling,":[83],"introduce":[85],"importance-aware":[86],"in":[89],"which":[91],"computes":[92],"importance":[94],"each":[96,103],"layer":[97,104],"scales":[102],"accordingly":[105],"optimize":[107],"trade-off":[109],"between":[110],"parameters.":[114],"Experiments":[115],"show":[116],"that":[117],"HACScale":[118,144],"improves":[119,145],"1.92\u00d7":[124],"on":[125],"ImageNet,":[126],"as":[127],"result,":[129],"it":[130],"achieves":[131],"2.41%":[132],"improvement":[134],"negligible":[137],"latency":[138,153],"increase":[139],"0.6%.":[141],"On":[142],"CIFAR-10,":[143],"2.23%":[149],"only":[151],"6.5%":[152],"growth.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
