{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4212977167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712551","title":"FORTIFY: Analytical Pre-Silicon Side-Channel Characterization of Digital Designs","display_name":"FORTIFY: Analytical Pre-Silicon Side-Channel Characterization of Digital Designs","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4212977167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608500","display_name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084497832","display_name":"A V Lakshmy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A V Lakshmy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Madras"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038432102","display_name":"Chester Rebeiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8063-0026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chester Rebeiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Madras"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039442844","display_name":"Swarup Bhunia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-6961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swarup Bhunia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76887403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"660","last_page":"665"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.868878960609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7189631462097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netlist","display_name":"Netlist","score":0.6213957071304321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5722956657409668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.5207629203796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.49142372608184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.44670188426971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4460080862045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.43156522512435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.41177552938461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3457116186618805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3357929289340973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2295072376728058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1958264708518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.13155999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12264654040336609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11320209503173828}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.868878960609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7189631462097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177650935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760303","display_name":"Netlist","level":2,"score":0.6213957071304321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5722956657409668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.5207629203796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.49142372608184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.44670188426971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4460080862045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.43156522512435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.41177552938461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3457116186618805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3357929289340973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2295072376728058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1958264708518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.13155999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12264654040336609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11320209503173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608500","display_name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598124977","https://openalex.org/W1894646615","https://openalex.org/W1975607764","https://openalex.org/W2104828373","https://openalex.org/W2112173236","https://openalex.org/W2115200566","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2294097286","https://openalex.org/W2888014022","https://openalex.org/W2890516485","https://openalex.org/W2964145717","https://openalex.org/W2965565691","https://openalex.org/W2989659803","https://openalex.org/W2998730820","https://openalex.org/W3028559075","https://openalex.org/W3114373476","https://openalex.org/W3116079126","https://openalex.org/W3118164462","https://openalex.org/W6766787143","https://openalex.org/W6772554331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011010529","https://openalex.org/W1998540796","https://openalex.org/W3006344745","https://openalex.org/W182679101","https://openalex.org/W2103519941","https://openalex.org/W3180573957","https://openalex.org/W2162805750","https://openalex.org/W2043669269","https://openalex.org/W2329175123","https://openalex.org/W1968560271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Power":[0],"side-channel":[1,37,64,103],"attacks":[2],"are":[3],"potent":[4],"security":[5],"threats":[6],"that":[7,60],"exploit":[8],"the":[9,40,62,74,80,92],"power":[10,63],"consumption":[11],"patterns":[12],"of":[13,36,47,66,79,94],"an":[14,55,116],"electronic":[15],"device":[16],"to":[17,27],"glean":[18],"sensitive":[19],"information":[20],"ranging":[21],"from":[22],"secret":[23],"keys":[24],"and":[25],"passwords":[26],"web-browsing":[28],"activity.":[29],"While":[30],"pre-Silicon":[31],"tools":[32],"promise":[33],"early":[34],"detection":[35],"leakage":[38,104],"at":[39,70,82],"design":[41],"stage,":[42],"they":[43],"require":[44],"several":[45],"hours":[46],"simulation":[48],"time.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"we":[53],"present":[54],"analytical":[56],"framework":[57],"called":[58],"FORTIFY":[59,95,114],"estimates":[61],"vulnerability":[65],"digital":[67],"circuit":[68],"designs":[69],"signal-level":[71],"granularity,":[72],"given":[73],"RTL":[75],"or":[76],"gate-level":[77],"netlist":[78],"design,":[81],"least":[83],"100":[84],"times":[85],"faster":[86],"than":[87],"contemporary":[88],"works.":[89],"We":[90,107],"demonstrate":[91],"correctness":[93],"by":[96,112],"comparing":[97],"it":[98],"with":[99],"a":[100],"recent":[101],"simulation-based":[102],"analysis":[105],"framework.":[106],"also":[108],"test":[109],"its":[110],"scalability":[111],"evaluating":[113],"on":[115],"open-source":[117],"System-on-Chip.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}