{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898213720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asonam.2018.8508240","title":"Weakly Supervised Cyberbullying Detection Using Co-Trained Ensembles of Embedding Models","display_name":"Weakly Supervised Cyberbullying Detection Using Co-Trained Ensembles of Embedding Models","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898213720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asonam.2018.8508240","mag":"2898213720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asonam.2018.8508240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asonam.2018.8508240","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006239529","display_name":"Elaheh Raisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7153-5905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elaheh Raisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002044887","display_name":"Bert Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8548-7246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bert Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006239529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95737909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"479","last_page":"486"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9057000279426575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.744508683681488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6355328559875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harassment","display_name":"Harassment","score":0.6271474361419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.559834361076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5498219132423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5454715490341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5177097320556641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5084366202354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.46421459317207336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-training","display_name":"Co-training","score":0.45835983753204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3662474751472473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.35222727060317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.19816747307777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19288402795791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-supervised-learning","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","score":0.17875882983207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16106078028678894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.744508683681488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6355328559875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778976716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3240539","display_name":"Harassment","level":2,"score":0.6271474361419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.559834361076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5498219132423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5454715490341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5177097320556641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5084366202354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.46421459317207336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776959682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005296","display_name":"Co-training","level":3,"score":0.45835983753204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3662474751472473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.35222727060317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.19816747307777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19288402795791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.17875882983207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16106078028678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asonam.2018.8508240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asonam.2018.8508240","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1670132599","https://openalex.org/W1934426326","https://openalex.org/W1937059634","https://openalex.org/W1967011128","https://openalex.org/W1967142076","https://openalex.org/W2034757259","https://openalex.org/W2048679005","https://openalex.org/W2070996757","https://openalex.org/W2119769989","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2146857977","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2160660844","https://openalex.org/W2160685721","https://openalex.org/W2162374225","https://openalex.org/W2164628858","https://openalex.org/W2185255779","https://openalex.org/W2209227144","https://openalex.org/W2216854803","https://openalex.org/W2408204361","https://openalex.org/W2554521881","https://openalex.org/W2590019597","https://openalex.org/W2592393350","https://openalex.org/W2594902547","https://openalex.org/W2595653137","https://openalex.org/W2612949191","https://openalex.org/W2613057754","https://openalex.org/W2618311116","https://openalex.org/W2769196221","https://openalex.org/W2771923996","https://openalex.org/W2782064370","https://openalex.org/W2782478684","https://openalex.org/W2783792814","https://openalex.org/W2784010253","https://openalex.org/W2784634026","https://openalex.org/W2805008692","https://openalex.org/W2949557692","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2963058377","https://openalex.org/W3126976873","https://openalex.org/W4232149520","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4302299869","https://openalex.org/W4394658982","https://openalex.org/W6610080458","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6636883489","https://openalex.org/W6678162470","https://openalex.org/W6681275837","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6684107795","https://openalex.org/W6686243715","https://openalex.org/W6688201194","https://openalex.org/W6735121960","https://openalex.org/W6738201024","https://openalex.org/W6746429666","https://openalex.org/W6747232475","https://openalex.org/W6764533344","https://openalex.org/W6765192958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1892467659","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4323060038","https://openalex.org/W2790173704","https://openalex.org/W2398825887","https://openalex.org/W3048955556","https://openalex.org/W4287497346","https://openalex.org/W2949267551","https://openalex.org/W2887213206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"media":[1,55],"has":[2],"become":[3],"an":[4,90,135],"inevitable":[5],"part":[6],"of":[7,26,74,81,92,151,158],"individuals":[8],"personal":[9],"and":[10,37,108,121,161],"business":[11],"lives.":[12],"Its":[13],"benefits":[14],"come":[15],"with":[16,50,62,89,143],"various":[17],"negative":[18],"consequences.":[19],"One":[20],"major":[21],"concern":[22],"is":[23,131],"the":[24,46,72,102,106,109,113,149],"prevalence":[25],"detrimental":[27],"online":[28,35],"behavior":[29],"on":[30],"social":[31,54,114],"media,":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34],"harassment":[36,51,88,176],"cyberbullying.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"study,":[41],"we":[42],"aim":[43],"to":[44],"address":[45],"computational":[47],"challenges":[48],"associated":[49],"detection":[52],"in":[53,71,105],"by":[56,124,133],"developing":[57],"a":[58,140,144],"machine":[59],"learning":[60],"framework":[61],"three":[63],"distinguishing":[64],"characteristics.":[65],"(1)":[66],"It":[67,86,117],"uses":[68],"minimal":[69],"supervision":[70],"form":[73],"expert-provided":[75],"key":[76],"phrases":[77],"that":[78,95,138,165],"are":[79],"indicative":[80],"bullying":[82],"or":[83],"non-bullying.":[84],"(2)":[85],"detects":[87],"ensemble":[91],"two":[93],"learners":[94],"co-train":[96],"one":[97,99],"another;":[98],"learner":[100,111],"examines":[101],"language":[103],"content":[104],"message,":[107],"other":[110],"considers":[112],"structure.":[115],"(3)":[116],"incorporates":[118],"distributed":[119],"word":[120],"graph-node":[122],"representations":[123],"training":[125],"nonlinear":[126],"deep":[127,167],"models.":[128],"The":[129],"model":[130],"trained":[132],"optimizing":[134],"objective":[136],"function":[137],"balances":[139],"co-training":[141],"loss":[142],"weak-supervision":[145],"loss.":[146],"We":[147],"evaluate":[148],"effectiveness":[150],"our":[152,166],"approach":[153],"using":[154],"post-hoc,":[155],"crowdsourced":[156],"annotation":[157],"Twitter,":[159],"Ask.fm,":[160],"Instagram":[162],"data,":[163],"finding":[164],"ensembles":[168],"outperform":[169],"previous":[170],"non-deep":[171],"methods":[172],"for":[173],"weakly":[174],"supervised":[175],"detection.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
