{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107056885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asms/spsc48805.2020.9268788","title":"On the Random Access Procedure of NB-IoT Non-Terrestrial Networks","display_name":"On the Random Access Procedure of NB-IoT Non-Terrestrial Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107056885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asms/spsc48805.2020.9268788","mag":"3107056885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asms/spsc48805.2020.9268788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asms/spsc48805.2020.9268788","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 10th Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems Conference and the 16th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop (ASMS/SPSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/44187/1/PID6573949.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034364460","display_name":"Oltjon Kodheli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3343-5890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259781","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/02qav7c04","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oltjon Kodheli","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT - Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT - Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035015124","display_name":"Nicola Maturo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-6028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259781","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/02qav7c04","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Maturo","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT - Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT - Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016154330","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259781","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/02qav7c04","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT - Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT - Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007826865","display_name":"Stefano Andrenacci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-4276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259781","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/02qav7c04","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Andrenacci","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT - Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT - Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113566846","display_name":"Frank Zimmer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909555","display_name":"SES (Luxembourg)","ror":"https://ror.org/00526y629","country_code":"LU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909555"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Zimmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["SES S.A., Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SES S.A., Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7729260921478271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.7096872329711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6247499585151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6237193942070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.5142945647239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5066245198249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access","display_name":"Random access","score":0.49800634384155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.49279311299324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4656065106391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.45124030113220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43124920129776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.42766910791397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.29450005292892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08405503630638123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7729260921478271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.7096872329711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6247499585151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6237193942070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.5142945647239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5066245198249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.49800634384155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.49279311299324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4656065106391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.45124030113220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43124920129776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.42766910791397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29450005292892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08405503630638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780899","display_name":"Complementation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asms/spsc48805.2020.9268788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asms/spsc48805.2020.9268788","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 10th Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems Conference and the 16th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop (ASMS/SPSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/44187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/44187","pdf_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/44187/1/PID6573949.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, 9, 109130-109143 (2021)","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/44187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/44187","pdf_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/44187/1/PID6573949.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, 9, 109130-109143 (2021)","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107056885.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107056885.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2725494561","https://openalex.org/W2807554399","https://openalex.org/W2883106403","https://openalex.org/W2894016320","https://openalex.org/W2898947361","https://openalex.org/W2914417152","https://openalex.org/W2919079671","https://openalex.org/W2963749376","https://openalex.org/W2976479969","https://openalex.org/W2990553527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378767206","https://openalex.org/W1540871478","https://openalex.org/W328308450","https://openalex.org/W282641168","https://openalex.org/W2376963063","https://openalex.org/W2066396794","https://openalex.org/W2366734808","https://openalex.org/W2391444248","https://openalex.org/W2390716080","https://openalex.org/W2104745997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"standardization":[1],"of":[2,28,33,46,75],"the":[3,23,34,39,47,51,68,73,76,85,93,98,102],"5G":[4],"systems":[5],"has":[6],"recently":[7],"entered":[8],"in":[9,22,101],"an":[10,61],"advanced":[11],"phase,":[12],"where":[13],"non-terrestrial":[14],"networks":[15],"will":[16,37],"be":[17],"a":[18],"new":[19,82],"key":[20],"feature":[21],"upcoming":[24],"releases.":[25],"Narrowband":[26],"Internet":[27],"Things":[29],"(NB-IoT)":[30],"is":[31],"one":[32],"technologies":[35],"that":[36],"address":[38],"massive":[40],"machine":[41],"type":[42],"communication":[43],"(mMTC)":[44],"traffic":[45],"5G.":[48],"To":[49],"meet":[50],"demanding":[52],"need":[53],"for":[54,84],"global":[55],"connectivity,":[56],"satellite":[57,77,99],"communications":[58],"can":[59],"provide":[60],"essential":[62],"support":[63],"to":[64,115],"complement":[65],"and":[66,112],"extend":[67],"NB-IoT":[69,86,103],"terrestrial":[70],"infrastructure.":[71],"However,":[72],"presence":[74],"channel":[78,100],"comes":[79],"up":[80],"with":[81],"demands":[83],"procedures.":[87],"In":[88],"this":[89],"paper,":[90],"we":[91],"investigate":[92],"main":[94],"challenges":[95],"introduced":[96],"by":[97],"random":[104],"access":[105],"procedure,":[106],"while":[107],"pointing":[108],"out":[109],"valuable":[110],"solutions":[111],"research":[113],"directions":[114],"overcome":[116],"those":[117],"challenges.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}