{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128611808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asianhost68425.2025.11370370","title":"Privacy-Preserving CNN Inference on FPGA Framework with High Throughput","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving CNN Inference on FPGA Framework with High Throughput","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128611808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asianhost68425.2025.11370370"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asianhost68425.2025.11370370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asianhost68425.2025.11370370","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125673331","display_name":"Qidong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qidong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115604599","display_name":"Yifan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9867-143X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038353501","display_name":"Wenpeng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-177X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenpeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429817","display_name":"Yijie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6959-8619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125647476","display_name":"Zhaojun Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaojun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125631069","display_name":"Peng Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100680951","display_name":"Jiliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8712-2964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.41019999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.41019999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.1517000049352646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.06030000001192093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.61080002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5504999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5404000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5364000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5206000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.43160000443458557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8346999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.61080002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5504999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5404000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5364000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5206000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C489000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747385","display_name":"Data flow diagram","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022","display_name":"Convolutional code","level":3,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asianhost68425.2025.11370370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asianhost68425.2025.11370370","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5942885875701904}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fully":[0],"Homomorphic":[1],"Encryption":[2],"(FHE)":[3],"allows":[4],"computations":[5],"to":[6,73],"be":[7],"performed":[8],"on":[9,125],"encrypted":[10,115],"data,":[11],"providing":[12],"a":[13,20],"promising":[14],"solution":[15,124],"for":[16,29,39,83,111],"privacy-preserving":[17,30,76],"computing.":[18],"As":[19],"pivotal":[21],"advancement":[22],"in":[23,58],"FHE,":[24],"CKKS":[25,54],"is":[26,118],"ideally":[27],"suited":[28],"Convolutional":[31],"Neural":[32],"Network":[33],"(CNN)":[34],"inference,":[35],"leveraging":[36],"its":[37],"capability":[38],"real-number":[40],"arithmetic":[41],"and":[42,50,62,103],"Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data":[43],"(SIMD)":[44],"advantages.":[45],"However,":[46],"the":[47,91,122],"inherent":[48],"computational":[49],"storage":[51],"complexities":[52],"of":[53,60,94,114],"pose":[55],"substantial":[56],"challenges":[57],"terms":[59],"latency":[61],"resource":[63],"consumption.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66,106],"paper,":[67],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"an":[70],"FPGA-based":[71],"framework":[72,107],"accelerate":[74],"CKKS-based":[75],"CNN":[77,112],"inference.":[78],"It":[79],"supports":[80],"full-slot":[81],"packing":[82],"homomorphic":[84,95],"convolution":[85],"across":[86],"all":[87],"ResNet20":[88],"layers,":[89],"minimizing":[90],"overall":[92],"overhead":[93],"evaluation.":[96],"Concurrently,":[97],"through":[98],"optimized":[99],"data":[100],"flow":[101],"scheduling":[102],"pipeline":[104],"design,":[105],"delivers":[108],"high-throughput":[109],"performance":[110],"inference":[113],"images,":[116],"which":[117],"more":[119],"efficient":[120],"than":[121],"state-of-the-art":[123],"FPGA.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-02-12T00:00:00"}