{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128626378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asianhost68425.2025.11370358","title":"An Auto-profiling Side-Channel Attack against NTT Hardware Implementations","display_name":"An Auto-profiling Side-Channel Attack against NTT Hardware Implementations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128626378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asianhost68425.2025.11370358"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asianhost68425.2025.11370358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asianhost68425.2025.11370358","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125634646","display_name":"Yiting Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiting Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,College Park,MD,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,College Park,MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102635008","display_name":"Zelin Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zelin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,College Park,MD,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,College Park,MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125669608","display_name":"Gang Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,College Park,MD,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,College Park,MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077280198","display_name":"Md Tanvir Arafin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5179-5216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Tanvir Arafin","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University,Cyber Security Engineering,Fairfax,VA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University,Cyber Security Engineering,Fairfax,VA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81321222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.6057000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.6057000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.17970000207424164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.10610000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.7466999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-implementation","display_name":"Software implementation","score":0.5443000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis","display_name":"Power analysis","score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4839000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.3691999912261963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.7466999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7190999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983609787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10534782","display_name":"Software implementation","level":3,"score":0.5443000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71743495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210","display_name":"Power analysis","level":3,"score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4839000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186497982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7119499","display_name":"PKCS #1","level":4,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108277079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233576","display_name":"Post-quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165922616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4241181","display_name":"Strong cryptography","level":3,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asianhost68425.2025.11370358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asianhost68425.2025.11370358","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,13,80,121,130],"its":[2,66],"effectiveness":[3],"and":[4,44,109],"efficient":[5],"implementation,":[6],"lattice-based":[7,24,150],"cryptography":[8,26,43],"becomes":[9],"a":[10,45,137],"leading":[11],"solution":[12],"quantum":[14],"computing":[15],"attacks.":[16],"However,":[17],"many":[18],"successful":[19],"side-channel":[20],"attacks":[21],"(SCA)":[22],"against":[23,58],"post-quantum":[25],"(PQC)":[27],"have":[28],"demonstrated":[29],"their":[30],"security":[31],"vulnerabilities.":[32],"Number":[33],"Theoretic":[34],"Transform":[35],"(NTT)":[36],"is":[37,61],"the":[38,51,82,101,110,134,143,146],"basic":[39],"sub-block":[40],"in":[41,149],"latticebased":[42],"common":[46],"target":[47],"for":[48,107],"SCA.":[49],"Unlike":[50],"heavy":[52],"investment":[53],"on":[54,116],"NTT":[55,83,91],"software":[56],"implementation":[57],"SCA,":[59],"there":[60],"little":[62],"reported":[63],"study":[64],"of":[65,103,112,133,136,145],"hardware":[67,92],"implementation.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"we":[72,118],"propose":[73],"an":[74],"unsupervised":[75],"learning-based":[76],"belief":[77,123],"propagation":[78,124],"attack":[79,98],"break":[81],"operation":[84],"by":[85],"leveraging":[86],"power":[87,105,128],"leakages":[88],"captured":[89],"from":[90],"implementations":[93],"(on":[94],"Xilinx":[95],"Artix-7).":[96],"Our":[97],"only":[99,126],"requires":[100],"collection":[102],"5000":[104],"traces":[106,129],"profiling":[108],"building":[111],"four":[113],"templates.":[114],"Based":[115],"this,":[117],"are":[119],"able":[120],"apply":[122],"with":[125],"20":[127],"reveal":[131],"half":[132],"input":[135],"256":[138],"-point":[139],"NTT.":[140],"This":[141],"allows":[142],"retrieval":[144],"secret":[147],"coefficients":[148],"cryptographic":[151],"protocols.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-12T00:00:00"}