{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125926740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase63991.2025.00221","title":"From Characters to Structure: Rethinking Real-Time Collaborative Programming Models","display_name":"From Characters to Structure: Rethinking Real-Time Collaborative Programming Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125926740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase63991.2025.00221"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ase63991.2025.00221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase63991.2025.00221","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 40th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001398455","display_name":"Leon Freudenthaler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088715","display_name":"Hochschule Campus Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/003f4pg83","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088715"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099803","display_name":"P\u00e4dagogische Hochschule Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/0105rz203","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099803"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leon Freudenthaler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hochschule Campus Wien/TU Wien,Computer Science and Digital Communications,Vienna,Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hochschule Campus Wien/TU Wien,Computer Science and Digital Communications,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088715","https://openalex.org/I4210099803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000206953","display_name":"Bernhard Taufner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088715","display_name":"Hochschule Campus Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/003f4pg83","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088715"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099803","display_name":"P\u00e4dagogische Hochschule Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/0105rz203","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099803"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Taufner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hochschule Campus Wien,Computer Science and Digital Communications,Vienna,Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hochschule Campus Wien,Computer Science and Digital Communications,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099803","https://openalex.org/I4210088715"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124086454","display_name":"Karl Michael G\u00f6schka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121760703","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsx0x49","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121760703"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Michael G\u00f6schka","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Wien/UAS Technikum Wien,Institute of Information Systems Engineering,Vienna,Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Wien/UAS Technikum Wien,Institute of Information Systems Engineering,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121760703"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001398455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088715","https://openalex.org/I4210099803"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87025039,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2695","last_page":"2706"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.25200000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.25200000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.1354999989271164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.10339999943971634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6926000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5579000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pair-programming","display_name":"Pair programming","score":0.5552999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in","display_name":"Plug-in","score":0.47909998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.47510001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-code","display_name":"Program code","score":0.3560999929904938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8277000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6926000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6090999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5579000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174063052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607013","display_name":"Pair programming","level":4,"score":0.5552999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.47909998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.47510001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988963302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629206","display_name":"Program code","level":2,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33857546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80006","display_name":"Computer programming","level":2,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762268","display_name":"Automatic programming","level":2,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182620335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2852531","display_name":"Answer set programming","level":3,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173404611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528588","display_name":"Constraint programming","level":3,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984968299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077784","display_name":"Software tool","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119263510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248501","display_name":"Programming domain","level":4,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554579003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474157","display_name":"Collaborative software","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ase63991.2025.00221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase63991.2025.00221","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 40th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976005680","https://openalex.org/W1996958808","https://openalex.org/W2020874073","https://openalex.org/W2039633336","https://openalex.org/W2065489029","https://openalex.org/W2122487424","https://openalex.org/W2141819835","https://openalex.org/W2153150125","https://openalex.org/W2155077049","https://openalex.org/W2160441352","https://openalex.org/W2163313306","https://openalex.org/W2211214830","https://openalex.org/W2531818791","https://openalex.org/W2767491836","https://openalex.org/W2767837303","https://openalex.org/W2888158939","https://openalex.org/W2979977910","https://openalex.org/W2989555170","https://openalex.org/W2995076668","https://openalex.org/W3000085978","https://openalex.org/W3000457305","https://openalex.org/W3103003841","https://openalex.org/W3206444683","https://openalex.org/W3210965569","https://openalex.org/W4281285856","https://openalex.org/W4281385584","https://openalex.org/W4285412472","https://openalex.org/W4309617332","https://openalex.org/W4313272930","https://openalex.org/W4313318637","https://openalex.org/W4391278012","https://openalex.org/W4394769508","https://openalex.org/W4394840781","https://openalex.org/W4402483878","https://openalex.org/W4402577493","https://openalex.org/W4403635895","https://openalex.org/W4403807682"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiple":[0],"programming":[1,13,127,167],"tasks":[2],"require":[3],"synchronous":[4],"collaboration":[5],"between":[6],"developers,":[7],"giving":[8],"rise":[9],"to":[10],"real-time":[11,165],"collaborative":[12,166],"tools":[14,26],"that":[15,73,93,132],"enable":[16],"simultaneous":[17],"editing":[18],"of":[19,49,140,154,164],"shared":[20,80],"source":[21],"code.":[22],"However,":[23],"most":[24],"existing":[25],"operate":[27],"at":[28],"the":[29,79,136,152,161],"text":[30],"level,":[31],"propagating":[32],"every":[33],"keystroke\u2013including":[34],"syntactically":[35,96],"invalid":[36],"ones\u2013without":[37],"considering":[38],"program":[39,147],"structure.":[40],"This":[41],"results":[42,130],"in":[43],"excessive":[44],"communication":[45],"overhead,":[46],"frequent":[47],"propagation":[48,91,156],"build-breaking":[50],"states,":[51],"and":[52,77,110,123,138],"poor":[53],"synchronization.":[54],"A":[55],"major":[56],"consequence":[57],"is":[58],"noticeable":[59],"lag,":[60],"especially":[61],"under":[62],"unstable":[63],"network":[64],"conditions,":[65],"as":[66,106,157],"collaborators":[67],"are":[68],"overwhelmed":[69],"with":[70],"unnecessary":[71],"updates":[72],"disrupt":[74],"their":[75],"workflow":[76],"degrade":[78],"coding":[81],"experience.":[82],"In":[83],"this":[84],"paper,":[85],"we":[86,102],"introduce":[87],"a":[88,158],"novel":[89],"structure-aware":[90,155],"model":[92],"transmits":[94],"only":[95],"valid":[97],"code":[98],"changes.":[99],"For":[100],"evaluation":[101],"implemented":[103],"our":[104],"tool":[105],"an":[107],"IntelliJ":[108],"plugin":[109],"evaluate":[111],"it":[112,133],"against":[113],"three":[114],"industry-standard":[115],"tools\u2013VS":[116],"Code":[117,120],"Live":[118],"Share,":[119],"With":[121],"Me,":[122],"Replit\u2013across":[124],"eight":[125],"representative":[126],"scenarios.":[128],"Our":[129,149],"show":[131],"significantly":[134],"lowers":[135],"number":[137],"size":[139],"propagated":[141],"messages":[142],"while":[143],"maintaining":[144],"consistent,":[145],"buildable":[146],"states.":[148],"findings":[150],"demonstrate":[151],"potential":[153],"foundation":[159],"for":[160],"next":[162],"generation":[163],"environments.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-29T23:17:01.242718","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}