{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210741360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678903","title":"CiFi: Versatile Analysis of Class and Field Immutability","display_name":"CiFi: Versatile Analysis of Class and Field Immutability","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210741360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678903","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9678507/9678392/09678903.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608212","display_name":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9678507/9678392/09678903.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086396255","display_name":"Tobias Roth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6561-0430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087817","display_name":"Software (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/004g36n56","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Technology Technische Universit\u00e4t, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Technology Technische Universit\u00e4t, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817","https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030100328","display_name":"Dominik Helm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6425-8630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087817","display_name":"Software (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/004g36n56","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Helm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Technology Technische Universit\u00e4t, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Technology Technische Universit\u00e4t, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817","https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002805499","display_name":"Michael Reif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7561-5750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087817","display_name":"Software (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/004g36n56","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Reif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Technology Technische Universit\u00e4t, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Technology Technische Universit\u00e4t, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817","https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078067853","display_name":"Mira Mezini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6563-7537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087817","display_name":"Software (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/004g36n56","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mira Mezini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Technology Technische Universit\u00e4t, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Technology Technische Universit\u00e4t, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817","https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4243,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8344186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"979","last_page":"990"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immutability","display_name":"Immutability","score":0.9972221851348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7234731912612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology","display_name":"Terminology","score":0.6154623627662659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6041772365570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.578615128993988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5482760071754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.265373170375824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10760998725891113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776126399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3942906","display_name":"Immutability","level":3,"score":0.9972221851348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7234731912612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.6154623627662659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6041772365570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.578615128993988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5482760071754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.265373170375824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10760998725891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678903","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9678507/9678392/09678903.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608212","display_name":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:130910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/130910/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzver\u00f6ffentlichung"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:132678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9678903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzver\u00f6ffentlichung"},{"id":"doi:10.18420/se2022-ws-027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18420/se2022-ws-027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052918","display_name":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Informatik (GI)","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678903","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9678507/9678392/09678903.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608212","display_name":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210741360.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210741360.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150412037","https://openalex.org/W1486902566","https://openalex.org/W1504704686","https://openalex.org/W1570380538","https://openalex.org/W1978303100","https://openalex.org/W2053718235","https://openalex.org/W2094958132","https://openalex.org/W2109905299","https://openalex.org/W2118004641","https://openalex.org/W2118230497","https://openalex.org/W2137956345","https://openalex.org/W2138527110","https://openalex.org/W2140021378","https://openalex.org/W2145708265","https://openalex.org/W2221746995","https://openalex.org/W2237341992","https://openalex.org/W2368741442","https://openalex.org/W2510867554","https://openalex.org/W2546558533","https://openalex.org/W2616871725","https://openalex.org/W2888021447","https://openalex.org/W2909327301","https://openalex.org/W3099954734","https://openalex.org/W4235388086","https://openalex.org/W4237031164","https://openalex.org/W4256594435","https://openalex.org/W6606023690","https://openalex.org/W6630339572","https://openalex.org/W6676637992","https://openalex.org/W6690275098"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517747134","https://openalex.org/W2802479602","https://openalex.org/W4386576376","https://openalex.org/W1570380538","https://openalex.org/W3182748079","https://openalex.org/W2019522068","https://openalex.org/W2298790717","https://openalex.org/W1971699141","https://openalex.org/W3212423087","https://openalex.org/W2053237223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reasoning":[0,28],"about":[1,29],"immutability":[2,18,58,68,73,84,90,162],"is":[3,46],"important":[4],"for":[5,64,72,111,132],"pre-venting":[6],"bugs,":[7],"e.g.,":[8],"in":[9,120,147,163],"multi-threaded":[10],"software.":[11],"So":[12],"far,":[13],"static":[14,99],"analysis":[15,100],"to":[16,52,85,141,149,157],"infer":[17],"properties":[19,118],"has":[20,37],"mostly":[21],"focused":[22],"on":[23,57,92],"individual":[24],"objects":[25],"and":[26,31,66,79,89,134,145,154,170],"references.":[27],"fields":[30],"entire":[32],"classes,":[33],"while":[34],"significantly":[35],"simpler,":[36],"gained":[38],"less":[39],"attention.":[40],"Even":[41],"a":[42,62,105,126],"consistently":[43],"used":[44],"terminology":[45,71],"missing,":[47],"which":[48],"makes":[49],"it":[50],"difficult":[51],"implement":[53,103],"analyses":[54,110],"that":[55,69],"rely":[56],"information.":[59],"We":[60,137],"propose":[61,125],"model":[63],"class":[65,133],"field":[67,135],"unifies":[70],"flavors":[74,113],"considered":[75],"by":[76],"previous":[77],"work":[78],"covers":[80],"new":[81],"levels":[82],"of":[83,107,114,128,151,161,172],"handle":[86],"lazy":[87],"initialization":[88],"dependent":[91],"generic":[93],"type":[94],"parameters.":[95],"Using":[96],"the":[97,117,139,152,159,167],"OPAL":[98],"framework,":[101],"we":[102,124],"CiFi,":[104],"set":[106],"modular,":[108],"collaborating":[109],"different":[112],"immutability,":[115],"inferring":[116],"defined":[119],"our":[121,173],"model.":[122,174],"Additionally,":[123],"benchmark":[127,140],"representative":[129],"test":[130],"cases":[131],"immutability.":[136],"use":[138,155],"showcase":[142],"CiFi\u2019s":[143],"precision":[144],"recall":[146],"comparison":[148],"state":[150],"art":[153],"CiFi":[156],"study":[158],"prevalence":[160],"real-world":[164],"libraries,":[165],"showcasing":[166],"practical":[168],"quality":[169],"relevance":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}