{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206490097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678891","title":"Detecting TensorFlow Program Bugs in Real-World Industrial Environment","display_name":"Detecting TensorFlow Program Bugs in Real-World Industrial Environment","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206490097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608212","display_name":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100322198","display_name":"Chen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1352-2468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["SKL Computer Architecture, ICT, CAS, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SKL Computer Architecture, ICT, CAS, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068388413","display_name":"Jie Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4162-0404"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["SKL Computer Architecture, ICT, CAS, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SKL Computer Architecture, ICT, CAS, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041012119","display_name":"Guangwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6128-675X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["SKL Computer Architecture, ICT, CAS, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SKL Computer Architecture, ICT, CAS, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076283483","display_name":"Ting Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6990-2887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["SKL Computer Architecture, ICT, CAS, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SKL Computer Architecture, ICT, CAS, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100317802","display_name":"Lian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4476-0541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["SKL Computer Architecture, ICT, CAS, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SKL Computer Architecture, ICT, CAS, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101405600","display_name":"Feng Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6926-5187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114461997","display_name":"Jun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-3195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liang You","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024664385","display_name":"Jingling Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0380-3506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingling Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"55","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.7219262719154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7067810893058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.6783943772315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6265823841094971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6049435138702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5471509695053101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.5181585550308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.22714290022850037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18293258547782898}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.7219262719154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7067810893058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.6783943772315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6265823841094971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6049435138702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5471509695053101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.5181585550308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.22714290022850037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18293258547782898}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608212","display_name":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548328233","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2186615578","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2297774820","https://openalex.org/W2342840547","https://openalex.org/W2384495648","https://openalex.org/W2616028256","https://openalex.org/W2626029330","https://openalex.org/W2763994238","https://openalex.org/W2785685510","https://openalex.org/W2799423598","https://openalex.org/W2799640043","https://openalex.org/W2804337238","https://openalex.org/W2850992922","https://openalex.org/W2922015121","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2957905354","https://openalex.org/W2963327228","https://openalex.org/W2963999143","https://openalex.org/W2968594320","https://openalex.org/W3000315285","https://openalex.org/W3005780259","https://openalex.org/W3099972168","https://openalex.org/W3110358918","https://openalex.org/W4247889999","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4297747548","https://openalex.org/W6632581263","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6686509673","https://openalex.org/W6704559304","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6748179860","https://openalex.org/W6749669830","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6786556537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341492732","https://openalex.org/W3187193180","https://openalex.org/W106542691","https://openalex.org/W1699080303","https://openalex.org/W4297799326","https://openalex.org/W4380075502","https://openalex.org/W2942625968","https://openalex.org/W2888962833","https://openalex.org/W4286530553","https://openalex.org/W2019230987"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,23],"has":[2,9,150],"been":[3,151],"widely":[4],"adopted":[5],"in":[6,13,21,29,75,129,153],"industry":[7],"and":[8,37,123,134,157],"achieved":[10],"great":[11],"success":[12],"a":[14,32,87,111],"wide":[15],"range":[16],"of":[17,35,67,72,96,113,139],"application":[18],"areas.":[19],"Bugs":[20],"deep":[22],"programs":[24,117],"can":[25,63],"cause":[26],"catastrophic":[27],"failures,":[28],"addition":[30],"to":[31],"serious":[33],"waste":[34],"resources":[36],"time.This":[38],"paper":[39],"aims":[40],"at":[41,130],"detecting":[42,91],"industrial":[43,76,115,141],"TensorFlow":[44,56,77,92,116,142],"program":[45,128,143],"bugs.":[46],"We":[47],"report":[48],"an":[49,104],"extensive":[50],"empirical":[51],"study":[52],"on":[53,110],"12,289":[54],"failed":[55],"jobs,":[57],"showing":[58],"that":[59,119],"existing":[60],"static":[61],"tools":[62],"effectively":[64,136],"detect":[65],"72.55%":[66],"the":[68,84,97,154],"top":[69],"three":[70],"types":[71],"Python":[73],"bugs":[74],"programs.":[78],"In":[79],"addition,":[80],"we":[81],"propose":[82],"(for":[83],"first":[85],"time)":[86],"constraint-based":[88],"approach":[89],"for":[90],"shape-related":[93],"errors":[94],"(one":[95],"most":[98,131],"common":[99],"TensorFlow-specific":[100],"bugs),":[101],"together":[102],"with":[103,145],"associated":[105],"tool,":[106],"ShapeTracer.":[107],"Our":[108],"evaluation":[109],"set":[112],"60":[114,140],"shows":[118],"ShapeTracer":[120,149],"is":[121],"efficient":[122],"effective:":[124],"it":[125],"analyzes":[126],"each":[127],"3":[132],"seconds":[133],"detects":[135],"40":[137],"out":[138],"bugs,":[144],"no":[146],"false":[147],"positives.":[148],"deployed":[152],"platform-X":[155],"platform":[156],"will":[158],"be":[159],"released":[160],"soon.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
