{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205916393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678513","title":"Learning GraphQL Query Cost","display_name":"Learning GraphQL Query Cost","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205916393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678513","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608212","display_name":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015196072","display_name":"Georgios Mavroudeas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Mavroudeas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058638646","display_name":"Guillaume Baudart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2230-1616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2746051580","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Sciences et Lettres","ror":"https://ror.org/013cjyk83","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29607241","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure - PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0dhs15","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103330","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/01dp7jr64","country_code":"BI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103330"]}],"countries":["BI","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guillaume Baudart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inria Paris, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure \u2013 PSL University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria Paris, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure \u2013 PSL University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103330","https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000551427","display_name":"Alan Cha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3294-6106"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Cha","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079080602","display_name":"Martin Hirzel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8840-6065"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Hirzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090845035","display_name":"Jim Laredo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-0304"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim A. Laredo","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051863472","display_name":"Malik Magdon\u2010Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7327-7770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malik Magdon-Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058012721","display_name":"Louis Mandel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5291-6067"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louis Mandel","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023169493","display_name":"Erik Wittern","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Wittern","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9276,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68415842,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1146","last_page":"1150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8850996494293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-query-classification","display_name":"Web query classification","score":0.697600245475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-expansion","display_name":"Query expansion","score":0.5902785658836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.5594303607940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.5449515581130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sargable","display_name":"Sargable","score":0.49744275212287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-optimization","display_name":"Query optimization","score":0.47089439630508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.39365655183792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3707618713378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.19799858331680298}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8850996494293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.697600245475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.5902785658836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.5594303607940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.5449515581130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192939062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104840822","display_name":"Sargable","level":4,"score":0.49744275212287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157692150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919848","display_name":"Query optimization","level":2,"score":0.47089439630508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.39365655183792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3707618713378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.19799858331680298}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678513","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608212","display_name":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W1680392829","https://openalex.org/W1728842521","https://openalex.org/W2081728040","https://openalex.org/W2092311917","https://openalex.org/W2618564128","https://openalex.org/W2737925311","https://openalex.org/W2789091536","https://openalex.org/W2911464154","https://openalex.org/W2950659317","https://openalex.org/W2954274464","https://openalex.org/W2962724414","https://openalex.org/W2963499994","https://openalex.org/W2963935794","https://openalex.org/W2982298417","https://openalex.org/W3032362695","https://openalex.org/W3103328430","https://openalex.org/W3104260925","https://openalex.org/W3105457604","https://openalex.org/W3146720657","https://openalex.org/W4243138158","https://openalex.org/W4287728257","https://openalex.org/W6637386731","https://openalex.org/W6637572315","https://openalex.org/W6670918240","https://openalex.org/W6741450815","https://openalex.org/W6744261831","https://openalex.org/W6745034332","https://openalex.org/W6780155590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096359267","https://openalex.org/W2572349046","https://openalex.org/W2026738364","https://openalex.org/W2124814993","https://openalex.org/W2392799717","https://openalex.org/W2017989738","https://openalex.org/W3125756434","https://openalex.org/W2113390685","https://openalex.org/W1981131819","https://openalex.org/W2146885082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GraphQL":[0,58,112,118],"is":[1,59,93,109,183],"a":[2,8,54,64,101,115,151,198],"query":[3,56,65,102,107,136,160,187],"language":[4],"for":[5,10,38,75,85],"APIs":[6,119],"and":[7,29,72,78,82,124,156,185],"runtime":[9],"executing":[11,104],"those":[12],"queries,":[13],"fetching":[14],"the":[15,46,61,76,86,98,125,159,165,194],"requested":[16],"data":[17,127,175],"from":[18,176],"existing":[19],"microservices,":[20],"REST":[21],"APIs,":[22],"databases,":[23],"or":[24],"other":[25],"sources.":[26],"Its":[27],"expressiveness":[28],"its":[30],"flexibility":[31],"have":[32,114,138],"made":[33],"it":[34,92,172],"an":[35],"attractive":[36],"candidate":[37],"API":[39,79],"providers":[40],"in":[41,57],"many":[42],"industries,":[43],"especially":[44],"through":[45],"web.":[47],"A":[48],"major":[49],"drawback":[50],"to":[51,95,145,154],"blindly":[52],"servicing":[53],"client\u2019s":[55],"that":[60],"cost":[62,99,108],"of":[63,100,167],"can":[66],"be":[67],"unexpectedly":[68],"large,":[69],"creating":[70],"computation":[71],"resource":[73],"overload":[74,84],"provider,":[77],"rate-limit":[80],"overages":[81],"infrastructure":[83],"client.":[87],"To":[88],"mitigate":[89],"these":[90],"drawbacks,":[91],"necessary":[94],"efficiently":[96,155],"estimate":[97,158],"before":[103],"it.":[105],"Estimating":[106],"challenging,":[110],"because":[111,142],"queries":[113],"nested":[116],"structure,":[117],"follow":[120],"different":[121],"design":[122],"conventions,":[123],"underlying":[126],"sources":[128],"are":[129],"hidden.":[130],"Estimates":[131],"based":[132],"on":[133,173],"worst-case":[134],"static":[135,195],"analysis":[137,196],"had":[139],"limited":[140],"success":[141],"they":[143],"tend":[144],"grossly":[146],"overestimate":[147],"cost.":[148,161],"We":[149,162],"propose":[150],"machine-learning":[152],"approach":[153,169],"accurately":[157],"also":[163],"demonstrate":[164],"power":[166],"this":[168],"by":[170,197],"testing":[171],"query-response":[174],"publicly":[177],"available":[178],"commercial":[179],"APIs.":[180],"Our":[181],"framework":[182],"efficient":[184],"predicts":[186],"costs":[188],"with":[189],"high":[190],"accuracy,":[191],"consistently":[192],"outperforming":[193],"large":[199],"margin.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
