{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118685956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase.2013.6693146","title":"TRAM: A tool for transforming textual requirements into analysis models","display_name":"TRAM: A tool for transforming textual requirements into analysis models","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118685956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase.2013.6693146","mag":"2118685956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ase.2013.6693146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase.2013.6693146","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 28th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066209139","display_name":"Keletso J. Letsholo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4355-7987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keletso J. Letsholo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025287610","display_name":"Liping Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8556-8655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liping Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021315787","display_name":"Erol-Valeriu Chioasca","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erol-Valeriu Chioasca","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"738","last_page":"741"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7204022407531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5746920108795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5733397006988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.5580844879150391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-transformation","display_name":"Model transformation","score":0.5330312252044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-analysis","display_name":"Requirements analysis","score":0.5303101539611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-requirements-specification","display_name":"Software requirements specification","score":0.46909889578819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4496751129627228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.4145025610923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3896018862724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3584548234939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22719532251358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-design","display_name":"Software design","score":0.18494468927383423}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7204022407531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5746920108795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5733397006988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.5580844879150391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779791154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258040","display_name":"Model transformation","level":3,"score":0.5330312252044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59488412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187147","display_name":"Requirements analysis","level":3,"score":0.5303101539611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102780508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761598","display_name":"Software requirements specification","level":5,"score":0.46909889578819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4496751129627228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.4145025610923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3896018862724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3584548234939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22719532251358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52913732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857102","display_name":"Software design","level":4,"score":0.18494468927383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ase.2013.6693146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ase.2013.6693146","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 28th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/e12e91ce-c127-410e-81ec-6d1a22e38304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/e12e91ce-c127-410e-81ec-6d1a22e38304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Letsholo, K J, Zhao, L & Chioasca, E V 2013, TRAM: A tool for transforming textual requirements into analysis models. in 2013 28th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE 2013 - Proceedings|IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. Autom. Softw. Eng., ASE - Proc.. IEEE, pp. 738-741, 2013 28th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE 2013, Palo Alto, CA, 1/07/13. https://doi.org/10.1109/ASE.2013.6693146","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/e12e91ce-c127-410e-81ec-6d1a22e38304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/tram-a-tool-for-transforming-textual-requirements-into-analysis-models(e12e91ce-c127-410e-81ec-6d1a22e38304).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Letsholo, K J, Zhao, L & Chioasca, E V 2013, TRAM: A tool for transforming textual requirements into analysis models. in 2013 28th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE 2013 - Proceedings|IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. Autom. Softw. Eng., ASE - Proc.. IEEE, pp. 738-741, 2013 28th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE 2013, Palo Alto, CA, 1/07/13. https://doi.org/10.1109/ASE.2013.6693146","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168126392","https://openalex.org/W260390292","https://openalex.org/W565796533","https://openalex.org/W1489626362","https://openalex.org/W1963716934","https://openalex.org/W2008784586","https://openalex.org/W2018548278","https://openalex.org/W2048074122","https://openalex.org/W2105446523","https://openalex.org/W2115076780","https://openalex.org/W2115121100","https://openalex.org/W2117545199","https://openalex.org/W2129559874","https://openalex.org/W2168645876","https://openalex.org/W2189472871","https://openalex.org/W2536736056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145025660","https://openalex.org/W2171674700","https://openalex.org/W344309486","https://openalex.org/W2016051366","https://openalex.org/W12544170","https://openalex.org/W2799231486","https://openalex.org/W1568529421","https://openalex.org/W2204176978","https://openalex.org/W2106008526","https://openalex.org/W2279377564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tool":[0],"support":[1,48,82],"for":[2],"automatically":[3],"constructing":[4],"analysis":[5],"models":[6],"from":[7,33],"the":[8,27,34,37,41,62,83,94],"natural":[9],"language":[10],"specification":[11,38],"of":[12,29,57,64,86],"requirements":[13],"(NLR)":[14],"is":[15],"critical":[16],"to":[17,36,60,67,81],"model":[18],"driven":[19],"development":[20],"(MDD),":[21],"as":[22,77],"it":[23],"can":[24],"bring":[25],"forward":[26],"use":[28],"precise":[30],"formal":[31],"languages":[32],"coding":[35],"phase":[39,85],"in":[40],"MDD":[42],"lifecycle.":[43],"TRAM":[44,72,91],"provides":[45],"such":[46],"a":[47,50,55],"through":[49],"novel":[51],"approach.":[52],"By":[53],"using":[54],"set":[56],"conceptual":[58],"patterns":[59],"facilitate":[61],"transformation":[63],"an":[65,78],"NLR":[66],"its":[68,75],"target":[69],"software":[70],"model,":[71],"has":[73],"shown":[74],"potential":[76],"automated":[79],"tool":[80,95],"earliest":[84],"MDD.":[87],"This":[88],"paper":[89],"describes":[90],"and":[92],"evaluates":[93],"against":[96],"three":[97],"benchmark":[98],"approaches.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}