{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2894924285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asar.2018.8480228","title":"Towards the Machine Reading of Arabic Calligraphy: A Letters Dataset and Corresponding Corpus of Text","display_name":"Towards the Machine Reading of Arabic Calligraphy: A Letters Dataset and Corresponding Corpus of Text","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2894924285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asar.2018.8480228","mag":"2894924285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asar.2018.8480228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asar.2018.8480228","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 2nd International Workshop on Arabic and Derived Script Analysis and Recognition (ASAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.57091","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112390322","display_name":"Seetah AL Salamah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seetah AL Salamah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020822487","display_name":"Ross D. King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-4387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ross King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112390322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56499929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"19","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9763000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calligraphy","display_name":"Calligraphy","score":0.9123654365539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7448101043701172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.7131821513175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.711146354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.7087910175323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.6889402866363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6062503457069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic-script","display_name":"Arabic script","score":0.5212650895118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3393988013267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.18995726108551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.09706401824951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.057955414056777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/painting","display_name":"Painting","score":0.05726549029350281}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526940114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12681","display_name":"Calligraphy","level":3,"score":0.9123654365539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7448101043701172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.7131821513175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.711146354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.7087910175323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.6889402866363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6062503457069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777323237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1828555","display_name":"Arabic script","level":3,"score":0.5212650895118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3393988013267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.18995726108551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.09706401824951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.057955414056777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.05726549029350281}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asar.2018.8480228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asar.2018.8480228","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 2nd International Workshop on Arabic and Derived Script Analysis and Recognition (ASAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/896b42fd-7796-4b1d-968f-7389d5c8a55e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/896b42fd-7796-4b1d-968f-7389d5c8a55e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Alsalamah, S & King, R 2018, Towards the Machine Reading of Arabic Calligraphy : A Letters Dataset and Corresponding Corpus of Text. in 2018 IEEE 2nd International Workshop on Arabic and Derived Script Analysis and Recognition (ASAR) . IEEE, London , UK, pp. 19-23. < https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8480228 >","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/896b42fd-7796-4b1d-968f-7389d5c8a55e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/towards-the-machine-reading-of-arabic-calligraphy(896b42fd-7796-4b1d-968f-7389d5c8a55e).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Alsalamah, S & King, R 2018, Towards the Machine Reading of Arabic Calligraphy : A Letters Dataset and Corresponding Corpus of Text. in 2018 IEEE 2nd International Workshop on Arabic and Derived Script Analysis and Recognition (ASAR) . IEEE, London , UK, pp. 19-23. < https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8480228 >","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/310000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/310000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Object"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.57091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.57091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.57091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.57091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535444385","https://openalex.org/W1548262501","https://openalex.org/W1562475875","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W2008824967","https://openalex.org/W2019565280","https://openalex.org/W2021820699","https://openalex.org/W2084610474","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2122145500","https://openalex.org/W2123604093","https://openalex.org/W2126793574","https://openalex.org/W2129884094","https://openalex.org/W2245678320","https://openalex.org/W2264815183","https://openalex.org/W6652536956","https://openalex.org/W6655568328","https://openalex.org/W6655791505","https://openalex.org/W6690822201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368991273","https://openalex.org/W4307308274","https://openalex.org/W2981112555","https://openalex.org/W4391057748","https://openalex.org/W3044623407","https://openalex.org/W597397715","https://openalex.org/W4391654281","https://openalex.org/W3118806286","https://openalex.org/W2890187879","https://openalex.org/W2093682362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Arabic":[0,14,65,91,119,150,167],"calligraphy":[1,151],"is":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,9,28,34,64,73,83,90,131,145,149,164,166],"the":[5,10,19,32,112,161],"great":[6],"art":[7],"forms":[8,165],"world.":[11],"It":[12],"displays":[13],"phrases,":[15],"commonly":[16],"taken":[17],"from":[18,107,117],"Holy":[20],"Quran,":[21],"in":[22],"beautiful":[23],"two-dimensional":[24],"form.":[25],"The":[26,77,94],"use":[27],"two":[29],"dimensions,":[30],"and":[31,36,75,114,134],"interweaving":[33],"letters":[35,78],"words":[37],"makes":[38],"reading":[39,49,163],"a":[40,62,70,81,146,154],"far":[41],"greater":[42],"challenge":[43],"for":[44,86,160],"Artificial":[45],"Intelligence":[46],"(AI)":[47],"than":[48],"standard":[50],"printed":[51],"or":[52],"hand-written":[53],"Arabic.":[54],"To":[55],"approach":[56],"this":[57,132],"challenge,":[58],"we":[59],"have":[60,123],"constructed":[61],"dataset":[63,79],"calligraphic":[66,120],"letters,":[67],"along":[68],"with":[69,153],"corresponding":[71],"corpus":[72,97],"phrases":[74],"quotes.":[76],"contains":[80,98],"total":[82],"3,467":[84],"images":[85],"32":[87],"various":[88,108],"categories":[89],"calligraphic-type":[92],"letters.":[93],"associated":[95],"text":[96],"544":[99],"unique":[100],"quoted":[101],"phrases.":[102],"These":[103,139],"data":[104],"were":[105],"collected":[106],"open":[109],"sources":[110],"on":[111],"web,":[113],"include":[115],"examples":[116],"several":[118],"styles.":[121],"We":[122],"also":[124],"undertaken":[125],"both":[126],"an":[127],"explorative":[128],"statistical":[129],"analysis":[130],"data,":[133],"initial":[135],"machine":[136,156,162],"learning":[137],"investigations.":[138],"analyses":[140],"suggest":[141],"that":[142],"combining":[143],"knowledge":[144],"limited":[147],"variety":[148],"texts,":[152],"successful":[155],"will":[157],"be":[158],"sufficient":[159],"calligraphy.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
