{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2762635464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asar.2017.8067774","title":"Ligature-based font size independent OCR for Noori Nastalique writing style","display_name":"Ligature-based font size independent OCR for Noori Nastalique writing style","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2762635464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asar.2017.8067774","mag":"2762635464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asar.2017.8067774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asar.2017.8067774","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 1st International Workshop on Arabic Script Analysis and Recognition (ASAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102897698","display_name":"Qurat ul Ain Akram","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142732210","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/0051w2v06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qurat Ul Ain Akram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Language Engineering, Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Language Engineering, Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033831523","display_name":"Sarmad Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-745X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142732210","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/0051w2v06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarmad Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Language Engineering, Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Language Engineering, Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.739,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8113802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"129","last_page":"133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/font","display_name":"Font","score":0.9740050435066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7238147854804993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urdu","display_name":"Urdu","score":0.7126332521438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.6519218683242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5907183289527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typeface","display_name":"Typeface","score":0.5071966648101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.48941007256507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4635777771472931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4607589840888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.45029470324516296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17725622653961182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15644890069961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.06332939863204956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777737414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4868296","display_name":"Font","level":2,"score":0.9740050435066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7238147854804993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777350258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617","display_name":"Urdu","level":2,"score":0.7126332521438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.6519218683242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5907183289527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80797182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17451","display_name":"Typeface","level":2,"score":0.5071966648101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48941007256507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4635777771472931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4607589840888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.45029470324516296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17725622653961182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15644890069961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.06332939863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asar.2017.8067774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asar.2017.8067774","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 1st International Workshop on Arabic Script Analysis and Recognition (ASAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W201663076","https://openalex.org/W1975691330","https://openalex.org/W2001642682","https://openalex.org/W2009444210","https://openalex.org/W2015631074","https://openalex.org/W2036356997","https://openalex.org/W2060068579","https://openalex.org/W2062518509","https://openalex.org/W2084257471","https://openalex.org/W2129386218","https://openalex.org/W2182203479","https://openalex.org/W2201460939","https://openalex.org/W2359865259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2326324334","https://openalex.org/W2486962493","https://openalex.org/W2071402150","https://openalex.org/W2385728895","https://openalex.org/W4293093933","https://openalex.org/W3163268046","https://openalex.org/W2053735135","https://openalex.org/W2990826939","https://openalex.org/W2767847244","https://openalex.org/W4280558518"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3],"font":[4,29,53,69,75,90,106,133,203],"size":[5,107,134],"independent":[6],"Optical":[7],"Character":[8],"Recognition":[9],"(OCR)":[10],"system":[11,162,180],"for":[12,195],"Urdu":[13,18,45,85,176],"document":[14,86],"images":[15,87,149],"is":[16,163],"presented.":[17],"documents":[19],"are":[20,83,100],"written":[21],"using":[22,108],"Noori":[23],"Nastalique":[24,63],"writing":[25],"style":[26],"with":[27,59],"different":[28],"sizes":[30,91,204],"of":[31,37,40,44,49,62,131,156],"normal":[32],"text":[33,50,64],"and":[34,81,98,165],"headings.":[35],"Most":[36],"current":[38],"state":[39],"the":[41,60,103],"art":[42],"techniques":[43],"OCRs":[46],"support":[47],"recognition":[48,61,137,193],"having":[51,65,88],"single":[52],"size.":[54],"The":[55,119,161],"presented":[56],"study":[57],"deals":[58],"14":[66],"to":[67,102,126,135],"28":[68,99,202],"sizes.":[70],"Three":[71],"recognizers":[72,144],"at":[73,147],"three":[74],"sizes(called":[76],"pivot)":[77],"including":[78],"14,":[79,196],"16":[80],"22":[82],"developed.":[84],"remaining":[89],"such":[92],"as":[93],"18,":[94,198],"20,":[95,199],"24,":[96,200],"26":[97],"resized":[101,148],"nearest":[104],"pivot":[105],"Nearest":[109],"Neighboring":[110],"interpolation":[111],"technique":[112],"so":[113],"that":[114,143],"it":[115],"can":[116],"be":[117],"recognized.":[118],"detailed":[120],"analysis":[121],"has":[122,140,181],"been":[123,141],"carried":[124],"out":[125],"compute":[127],"optimal":[128,152],"scaling":[129,153,159],"factor":[130],"each":[132],"improve":[136],"results.":[138],"It":[139],"observed":[142],"perform":[145],"better":[146],"by":[150],"applying":[151],"factors":[154],"instead":[155],"simple":[157],"computed":[158],"factors.":[160],"developed":[164],"matured":[166],"on":[167],"1,965":[168],"main":[169,191],"body":[170,192],"classes":[171],"covering":[172],"59,974":[173],"high":[174],"frequent":[175],"words.":[177],"After":[178],"maturation,":[179],"97.20%,":[182],"97.08%,":[183],"95.13%,":[184],"95.65%,":[185],"96.26%,":[186],"96.52%,":[187],"95.78%,":[188],"96.38%,":[189],"96.66%":[190],"accuracy":[194],"16,":[197],"26,":[201],"respectively.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}