{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987528813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asap.2013.6567590","title":"Unifying CORDIC and Box-Muller algorithms: An accurate and efficient Gaussian Random Number generator","display_name":"Unifying CORDIC and Box-Muller algorithms: An accurate and efficient Gaussian Random Number generator","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987528813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asap.2013.6567590","mag":"1987528813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asap.2013.6567590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asap.2013.6567590","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 24th International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012780000","display_name":"Jamshaid Sarwar Malik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jamshaid Sarwar Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Institute of Technology, ICT, Sweden","ICT, R. Inst. of Technol., Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Institute of Technology, ICT, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT, R. Inst. of Technol., Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026355063","display_name":"Ahmed Hemani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0565-9376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Hemani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Institute of Technology, ICT, Sweden","ICT, R. Inst. of Technol., Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Institute of Technology, ICT, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT, R. Inst. of Technol., Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032575129","display_name":"N. D. Gohar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. D. Gohar","raw_affiliation_strings":["SEECS, National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan","SEECS, National University of Science & Technology,Islamabad,Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SEECS, National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SEECS, National University of Science & Technology,Islamabad,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012780000"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8127,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84556929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"277","last_page":"280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cordic","display_name":"CORDIC","score":0.7790840864181519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7495526075363159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.678400993347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.5991581082344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5329172611236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.5315185785293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5198812484741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5077000856399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48820263147354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.44615912437438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-architecture","display_name":"Hardware architecture","score":0.42852669954299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-space-exploration","display_name":"Design space exploration","score":0.4261900782585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-elimination","display_name":"Gaussian elimination","score":0.4140024781227112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3633238971233368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2743673324584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.12041899561882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.11829268932342529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58870171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116076","display_name":"CORDIC","level":3,"score":0.7790840864181519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7495526075363159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.678400993347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.5991581082344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5329172611236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.5315185785293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5198812484741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5077000856399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48820263147354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.44615912437438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65232700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656403","display_name":"Hardware architecture","level":3,"score":0.42852669954299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776221188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072556","display_name":"Design space exploration","level":2,"score":0.4261900782585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126312332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2658","display_name":"Gaussian elimination","level":3,"score":0.4140024781227112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3633238971233368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2743673324584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.12041899561882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.11829268932342529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asap.2013.6567590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asap.2013.6567590","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 24th International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990842406","https://openalex.org/W2086688806","https://openalex.org/W2087355187","https://openalex.org/W2089389313","https://openalex.org/W2097774686","https://openalex.org/W2113978128","https://openalex.org/W2115452265","https://openalex.org/W2127673207","https://openalex.org/W2136045037","https://openalex.org/W2142840816","https://openalex.org/W2150633168","https://openalex.org/W2160495765","https://openalex.org/W2162074762","https://openalex.org/W2169485677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375598816","https://openalex.org/W2379157082","https://openalex.org/W2401971123","https://openalex.org/W3207407077","https://openalex.org/W2410657091","https://openalex.org/W2950319186","https://openalex.org/W2188636854","https://openalex.org/W4307961910","https://openalex.org/W1943750067","https://openalex.org/W3013688681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"efficient":[1],"hardware":[2,24,55,91,107,132],"implementation":[3],"of":[4,38,45,72,97,106,126],"Gaussian":[5],"Random":[6],"Number":[7],"(GRN)":[8],"generator":[9],"based":[10],"upon":[11],"Box-Muller":[12],"(BM)":[13],"and":[14,57,82,104,115],"CORDIC":[15],"algorithms":[16],"is":[17,41,51,65,76],"presented.":[18],"We":[19,85],"will":[20,86,122],"illustrate":[21],"a":[22,124],"novel":[23],"architecture":[25],"with":[26,129],"flexible":[27],"design":[28],"space":[29],"that":[30,42,93],"unifies":[31],"the":[32,46,61],"two":[33,89],"algorithms.":[34],"A":[35],"major":[36],"advantage":[37],"this":[39],"work":[40],"unlike":[43],"any":[44],"previously":[47,130],"reported":[48],"architectures,":[49],"it":[50],"possible":[52],"to":[53,102],"eliminate":[54],"multipliers":[56],"memory":[58,116],"blocks":[59,117],"in":[60,95],"synthesized":[62],"hardware.":[63],"This":[64],"achieved":[66],"without":[67],"compromising":[68],"on":[69,118],"statistical":[70],"accuracy":[71,100],"GRN":[73,133],"generators":[74],"which":[75],"proved":[77],"both":[78],"through":[79],"error":[80],"analysis":[81],"standard":[83],"tests.":[84],"also":[87],"demonstrate":[88],"different":[90],"implementations":[92],"vary":[94],"terms":[96],"speed,":[98],"tail":[99],"(4.7\u03c3":[101],"9.4\u03c3),":[103],"utilization":[105],"resources":[108],"such":[109],"as":[110],"DSP":[111],"blocks,":[112],"logic":[113],"slices":[114],"FPGAs.":[119],"Finally,":[120],"we":[121],"present":[123],"comparison":[125],"designed":[127],"architectures":[128],"published":[131],"generators.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}