{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162994579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/arso68304.2026.11536140","title":"When Robot Pets Feel Safe: Trust, Disclosure, and Ethical Design in AI Companion Robots for Older Adults","display_name":"When Robot Pets Feel Safe: Trust, Disclosure, and Ethical Design in AI Companion Robots for Older Adults","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162994579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/arso68304.2026.11536140"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/arso68304.2026.11536140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/arso68304.2026.11536140","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137559308","display_name":"Chorong Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chorong Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130800351","display_name":"Rua M. Williams","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rua M. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89682979,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"25","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.7731000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.7731000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.07829999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.041200000792741776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7185999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.2874999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7185999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4650999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168402607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072119","display_name":"Personal robot","level":5,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2815000116825104}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/arso68304.2026.11536140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/arso68304.2026.11536140","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.45006710290908813,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061277477","https://openalex.org/W2465276110","https://openalex.org/W2762564373","https://openalex.org/W2950504429","https://openalex.org/W2961340075","https://openalex.org/W3007204236","https://openalex.org/W3117485276","https://openalex.org/W3197802679","https://openalex.org/W4200032706","https://openalex.org/W4200327446","https://openalex.org/W4226507735","https://openalex.org/W4232488826","https://openalex.org/W4280641039","https://openalex.org/W4281924690","https://openalex.org/W4285010962","https://openalex.org/W4285041514","https://openalex.org/W4285155646","https://openalex.org/W4285269006","https://openalex.org/W4293499239","https://openalex.org/W4308393168","https://openalex.org/W4322625095","https://openalex.org/W4361285840","https://openalex.org/W4379058431","https://openalex.org/W4381104161","https://openalex.org/W4381893989","https://openalex.org/W4385452929","https://openalex.org/W4386383634","https://openalex.org/W4387793598","https://openalex.org/W4387857496","https://openalex.org/W4390829176","https://openalex.org/W4392645906","https://openalex.org/W4400142383","https://openalex.org/W4412608412","https://openalex.org/W7146967461"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,160,201],"investigate":[1],"ethical":[2,167],"design":[3,147,168,205],"risks":[4],"that":[5,31,207],"may":[6,148,153,208],"arise":[7],"when":[8],"AI":[9,171],"companion":[10,56,172],"robots":[11,92,173],"are":[12],"introduced":[13],"to":[14,90,110,156],"older":[15,22,26,48,175],"adults.":[16],"In":[17,42],"this":[18,35],"paper,":[19],"we":[20,142],"define":[21],"adults":[23,25],"as":[24,93],"than":[27,134],"60,":[28],"while":[29],"noting":[30],"all":[32],"participants":[33,50,76],"in":[34],"study":[36,45],"were":[37,96],"aged":[38],"65":[39],"or":[40],"older.":[41],"an":[43],"elicitation":[44],"with":[46,52,104,174,203,212],"22":[47],"adults,":[49],"interacted":[51],"two":[53,62],"mobile,":[54],"pet-like":[55,146],"robots,":[57],"Loona":[58],"and":[59,61,67,73,82,88,114,129,152,180,185,189,192,196,216],"EMO,":[60],"stationary":[63],"voice":[64],"assistants,":[65],"Alexa":[66],"Google":[68],"Assistant.":[69],"Across":[70],"pre-interview,":[71],"interaction,":[72],"post-interview":[74],"phases,":[75],"frequently":[77],"anthropomorphized":[78],"the":[79,91,115],"robot":[80],"pets":[81],"expressed":[83],"affection,":[84],"including":[85],"petting,":[86],"cooing,":[87],"speaking":[89],"if":[94],"they":[95],"living":[97],"companions.":[98],"This":[99],"affectionate":[100],"engagement":[101],"often":[102],"coexisted":[103],"stated":[105],"concerns":[106],"about":[107],"AI-related":[108],"threats":[109],"privacy,":[111],"autonomy,":[112],"dignity,":[113],"well-being":[116],"of":[117,124,137,198],"future":[118],"generations.":[119],"Using":[120],"reflexive":[121],"thematic":[122],"analysis":[123],"behavioral":[125],"observations,":[126],"conversation":[127],"transcripts,":[128],"field":[130],"notes":[131],"from":[132],"more":[133],"500":[135],"hours":[136],"community-based":[138],"technology":[139],"support":[140,195],"work,":[141],"characterize":[143],"how":[144],"sociomorphic,":[145],"reduce":[149],"perceived":[150],"risk":[151],"shape":[154],"willingness":[155],"disclose":[157],"personal":[158],"information.":[159],"synthesize":[161],"these":[162],"findings":[163],"into":[164],"four":[165],"possible":[166],"tensions":[169],"for":[170],"adults:":[176],"(1)":[177],"affective":[178],"attachment":[179],"informed":[181],"consent,":[182],"(2)":[183],"companionship":[184,211],"surveillance-by-design,":[186],"(3)":[187],"personalization":[188],"data":[190],"minimization,":[191],"(4)":[193],"emotional":[194],"substitution":[197],"human":[199],"care.":[200],"conclude":[202],"suggestive":[204],"implications":[206],"help":[209],"pair":[210],"transparency,":[213],"meaningful":[214],"control,":[215],"privacy-preserving":[217],"defaults.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-06-02T00:00:00"}