{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162679116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/arso51874.2021.9542835","title":"Why Not Explain? Effects of Explanations on Human Perceptions of Autonomous Driving","display_name":"Why Not Explain? Effects of Explanations on Human Perceptions of Autonomous Driving","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162679116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/arso51874.2021.9542835","mag":"3162679116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/arso51874.2021.9542835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/arso51874.2021.9542835","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts (ARSO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/65df5561-0ccf-4823-9e70-2edf93dd395d","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073066045","display_name":"Daniel Omeiza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3844-5131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Omeiza","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059625515","display_name":"Konrad Kollnig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-8731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konrad Kollnig","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021242081","display_name":"Helena Web","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helena Web","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023741875","display_name":"Marina Jirotka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6088-3955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Jirotka","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042932869","display_name":"Lars Kunze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5302-1938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Kunze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lars Kunze is with Oxford Robotics Institute, University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lars Kunze is with Oxford Robotics Institute, University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"194","last_page":"199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9710000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6779212355613708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5127940773963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.42188581824302673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.38452231884002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.35725629329681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1311282217502594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6779212355613708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5127940773963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.42188581824302673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38452231884002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35725629329681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1311282217502594}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/arso51874.2021.9542835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/arso51874.2021.9542835","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts (ARSO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/65df5561-0ccf-4823-9e70-2edf93dd395d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/65df5561-0ccf-4823-9e70-2edf93dd395d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Omeiza, D, Kollnig, K, Web, H, Jirotka, M & Kunze, L 2021, Why Not Explain? Effects of Explanations on Human Perceptions of Autonomous Driving. in 2021 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts, ARSO 2021. IEEE Computer Society, Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts, ARSO, vol. 2021-July, pp. 194-199, 2021 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts, ARSO 2021, Japan, 8/07/21. https://doi.org/10.1109/ARSO51874.2021.9542835","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:publications/65df5561-0ccf-4823-9e70-2edf93dd395d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85116434999&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Omeiza, D, Kollnig, K, Web, H, Jirotka, M & Kunze, L 2021, Why Not Explain? Effects of Explanations on Human Perceptions of Autonomous Driving. in 2021 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts, ARSO 2021. IEEE Computer Society, Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts, ARSO, vol. 2021-July, pp. 194-199, 2021 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts, ARSO 2021, Japan, 8/07/21. https://doi.org/10.1109/ARSO51874.2021.9542835","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:1143c393-81a7-4b02-a090-189cba7b0038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1143c393-81a7-4b02-a090-189cba7b0038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements","raw_type":"Conference item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/65df5561-0ccf-4823-9e70-2edf93dd395d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/65df5561-0ccf-4823-9e70-2edf93dd395d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Omeiza, D, Kollnig, K, Web, H, Jirotka, M & Kunze, L 2021, Why Not Explain? Effects of Explanations on Human Perceptions of Autonomous Driving. in 2021 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts, ARSO 2021. IEEE Computer Society, Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts, ARSO, vol. 2021-July, pp. 194-199, 2021 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts, ARSO 2021, Japan, 8/07/21. https://doi.org/10.1109/ARSO51874.2021.9542835","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G206070985","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S005099/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6781257519","display_name":"RoboTIPS: Developing Responsible Robots for the Digital Economy","funder_award_id":"EP/S005099/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G883624705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2219016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973107123","https://openalex.org/W1995445252","https://openalex.org/W2008425555","https://openalex.org/W2044140042","https://openalex.org/W2045128528","https://openalex.org/W2133761762","https://openalex.org/W2286247980","https://openalex.org/W2783963507","https://openalex.org/W2898694742","https://openalex.org/W2903808828","https://openalex.org/W2942444880","https://openalex.org/W2942678267","https://openalex.org/W2953938867","https://openalex.org/W2963195425","https://openalex.org/W3005326902","https://openalex.org/W3044403197","https://openalex.org/W3134299861","https://openalex.org/W3210065386","https://openalex.org/W4289123308","https://openalex.org/W6756943755","https://openalex.org/W6791656131"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2087303720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"vehicles":[1],"(AVs)":[2],"have":[3],"the":[4,8,78,111],"potential":[5,112],"to":[6,39,119],"change":[7],"way":[9],"we":[10,59],"commute,":[11],"travel,":[12],"and":[13,29,43,49,72,84,96,117],"transport":[14],"our":[15],"goods.":[16],"The":[17],"deployment":[18],"of":[19],"AVs":[20],"in":[21,44,122],"society,":[22],"however,":[23],"requires":[24],"that":[25,88],"people":[26,76],"understand,":[27],"accept,":[28],"trust":[30,79,121],"them.":[31],"Intelligible":[32],"explanations":[33,89],"can":[34],"help":[35],"different":[36,61],"AV":[37,71],"stakeholders":[38],"assess":[40],"AVs'":[41],"behaviours,":[42],"turn,":[45],"increase":[46],"their":[47,73],"confidence":[48],"foster":[50],"trust.":[51,108],"In":[52],"a":[53],"user":[54],"study":[55],"(N":[56],"=":[57],"101),":[58],"examined":[60],"explanation":[62],"types":[63],"(based":[64],"on":[65,75],"investigatory":[66],"queries)":[67],"provided":[68],"by":[69],"an":[70],"effect":[74],"using":[77],"determinant":[80],"factors.":[81],"Our":[82],"quantitative":[83],"qualitative":[85],"analysis":[86],"shows":[87],"with":[90],"causal":[91],"attributions":[92],"improved":[93],"task":[94],"performance":[95],"understanding":[97],"when":[98],"assessing":[99],"driving":[100],"events":[101],"but":[102],"did":[103],"not":[104],"directly":[105],"improve":[106],"perceived":[107],"This":[109],"underlines":[110],"need":[113],"for":[114],"additional":[115],"measures":[116],"research":[118],"enhance":[120],"AVs.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
