{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402628031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apwcs61586.2024.10679324","title":"Uplink Performance and Beamforming Design of SIM-enhanced Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"Uplink Performance and Beamforming Design of SIM-enhanced Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402628031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apwcs61586.2024.10679324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apwcs61586.2024.10679324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apwcs61586.2024.10679324","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE VTS Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033270201","display_name":"Enyu Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9971-6066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Enyu Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China,100044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111331935","display_name":"Jiayi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4165-3776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China,100044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104285928","display_name":"Yiyang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7641-7353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China,100044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114444435","display_name":"Ziheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5495-1619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China,100044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052340806","display_name":"Jiancheng An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-9989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiancheng An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060020877","display_name":"Chau Yuen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chau Yuen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620739","display_name":"Bo Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China,100044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033270201"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4449,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63226006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"05"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.8046472072601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7560145258903503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7038264274597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.549562931060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3829580247402191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3538493514060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19271895289421082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.8046472072601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7560145258903503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7038264274597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.549562931060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3829580247402191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3538493514060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19271895289421082}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apwcs61586.2024.10679324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apwcs61586.2024.10679324","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE VTS Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108420689","https://openalex.org/W2883707621","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2969768389","https://openalex.org/W2974046131","https://openalex.org/W3005072086","https://openalex.org/W3084194173","https://openalex.org/W3214334574","https://openalex.org/W4212835306","https://openalex.org/W4221057152","https://openalex.org/W4285108354","https://openalex.org/W4312755469","https://openalex.org/W4381785979","https://openalex.org/W4382317677","https://openalex.org/W4392157642","https://openalex.org/W4392910575","https://openalex.org/W4395065605","https://openalex.org/W4399601919","https://openalex.org/W4401634028","https://openalex.org/W6856916424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W4321608401","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W3193749313","https://openalex.org/W2724724053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,37],"explore":[4],"the":[5,39,49,53,60,89,97,115,123,130],"integration":[6],"of":[7,42,52,66,99,117,133],"low-power,":[8],"low-cost":[9],"stacked":[10],"intelligent":[11],"metasurfaces":[12],"(SIM)":[13],"into":[14],"cell-free":[15],"(CF)":[16],"massive":[17],"multiple-input":[18],"multiple-output":[19],"(mMIMO)":[20],"systems":[21,136],"to":[22,105],"enhance":[23,129],"access":[24],"point":[25],"(AP)":[26],"capabilities":[27],"and":[28,33,102,109,119],"address":[29],"high":[30],"power":[31],"consumption":[32],"cost":[34],"challenges.":[35],"Specifically,":[36],"investigate":[38],"uplink":[40],"performance":[41,107,132],"a":[43,71,112],"SIM-enhanced":[44,134],"CF":[45,67,142],"mMIMO":[46,68,143],"system.":[47],"First,":[48],"closed-form":[50],"expressions":[51],"spectral":[54],"efficiency":[55],"(SE)":[56],"are":[57],"obtained":[58],"using":[59],"unique":[61],"two-stage":[62],"signal":[63],"processing":[64],"framework":[65],"systems.":[69,144],"Second,":[70],"wave-based":[72,125],"beamforming":[73,126],"algorithm":[74,127],"for":[75,111],"SIM":[76,100],"is":[77],"proposed,":[78],"based":[79],"only":[80],"on":[81],"statistical":[82],"channel":[83],"state":[84],"information,":[85],"which":[86],"effectively":[87],"reduces":[88],"fronthaul":[90],"costs.":[91],"The":[92],"results":[93],"indicate":[94],"that":[95],"increasing":[96],"number":[98,116],"layers":[101],"meta-atoms":[103],"leads":[104],"significant":[106],"improvements":[108],"allows":[110],"reduction":[113],"in":[114],"APs":[118],"AP":[120],"antennas.":[121],"Moreover,":[122],"proposed":[124],"can":[128],"SE":[131],"CF-mMIMO":[135],"by":[137],"72%,":[138],"significantly":[139],"outperforming":[140],"traditional":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}