{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416799215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipaasc65261.2025.11249308","title":"LSTM-Transformer Hybrid Network for UAV-Bird Classification Using Radar Track Information","display_name":"LSTM-Transformer Hybrid Network for UAV-Bird Classification Using Radar Track Information","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416799215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipaasc65261.2025.11249308"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apsipaasc65261.2025.11249308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipaasc65261.2025.11249308","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Asia Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102585587","display_name":"Anning Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anning Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi&#x0027;an,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi&#x0027;an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029916635","display_name":"Dianfeng Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0410-6569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157894","display_name":"Universidad Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Exactas","ror":"https://ror.org/04rhjk233","country_code":"DO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157894"]}],"countries":["DO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dianfeng Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Multi-domain Data Collaborative Processing and Control,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Multi-domain Data Collaborative Processing and Control,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157894"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108944685","display_name":"Shun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5240-9114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North University of China,Taiyuan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North University of China,Taiyuan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112723522","display_name":"Yan Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi&#x0027;an,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi&#x0027;an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102585587"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49818348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1386","last_page":"1391"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.8909000158309937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.8909000158309937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.03139999881386757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.02319999970495701,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4887999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-integration","display_name":"Information integration","score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.31940001249313354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7315999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5217999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4887999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33326189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092450","display_name":"Information integration","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779990667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5953266","display_name":"Hybrid neural network","level":3,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apsipaasc65261.2025.11249308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipaasc65261.2025.11249308","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Asia Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014534232","https://openalex.org/W2147862810","https://openalex.org/W2420956047","https://openalex.org/W2608447947","https://openalex.org/W2922519992","https://openalex.org/W2991002519","https://openalex.org/W2991496016","https://openalex.org/W4224237248","https://openalex.org/W4292337114","https://openalex.org/W4319226677","https://openalex.org/W4396604708","https://openalex.org/W4399660997"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,10,35,50,79,111,118,134,148,153,159,163,179,185,195,219,222],"increasingly":[2,20],"widespread":[3],"application":[4],"of":[5,30,82,96,100,165,206,221],"unmanned":[6],"aerial":[7],"vehicles":[8],"(UAVs),":[9],"potential":[11],"safety":[12],"hazards":[13],"caused":[14],"by":[15,94,178],"\u201cunauthorized":[16],"flights\u201d":[17],"have":[18],"become":[19],"prominent.":[21],"Therefore,":[22],"accurately":[23],"distinguishing":[24],"between":[25,90],"UAVs":[26,72,91],"and":[27,73,92,108,132,140,169,210],"birds":[28,93],"is":[29,76,176],"great":[31],"significance.":[32],"Due":[33],"to":[34,47,183],"similarity":[36],"in":[37,54,137,198,204],"their":[38],"radar":[39,192],"static":[40],"characteristics,":[41],"traditional":[42],"recognition":[43,51],"algorithms":[44,203],"are":[45],"prone":[46],"confusion":[48],"during":[49],"process,":[52],"resulting":[53],"frequent":[55],"false":[56],"alarms.":[57],"To":[58],"address":[59],"this":[60,62,199],"issue,":[61],"paper":[63,200],"proposes":[64],"an":[65,114],"LSTM-Transformer":[66],"hybrid":[67],"architecture-based":[68],"classification":[69,207],"framework":[70,86,112],"for":[71],"birds,":[74],"which":[75,123],"based":[77],"on":[78,189],"dynamic":[80,119,135],"characteristics":[81],"track":[83,101,193],"sequences.":[84],"This":[85],"can":[87],"effectively":[88],"distinguish":[89],"virtue":[95],"a":[97],"small":[98],"amount":[99],"information":[102,142],"such":[103],"as":[104,117],"target":[105,138],"position,":[106],"speed,":[107],"RCS.":[109],"Specifically,":[110],"uses":[113],"LSTM":[115],"network":[116],"memory":[120],"encoding":[121],"module,":[122],"processes":[124],"timeseries":[125],"data":[126,175,215],"through":[127,158],"its":[128],"unique":[129],"gating":[130],"mechanism":[131],"converts":[133],"changes":[136],"motion":[139],"radiation":[141],"into":[143],"high-dimensional":[144],"feature":[145,167],"encodings.":[146],"Subsequently,":[147],"Transformer":[149],"module":[150],"deeply":[151],"explores":[152],"complex":[154],"relationships":[155],"within":[156],"them":[157],"self-attention":[160],"mechanism,":[161],"achieving":[162],"integration":[164],"spatial":[166],"correlations":[168],"temporal":[170],"global":[171],"features.":[172],"The":[173],"processed":[174],"extracted":[177],"\u201ccomprehensive":[180],"reasoning":[181],"module\u201d":[182],"output":[184],"type":[186],"confidence.":[187],"Verified":[188],"real":[190],"collected":[191],"data,":[194],"proposed":[196,223],"algorithm":[197],"outperforms":[201],"existing":[202],"terms":[205],"accuracy,":[208],"MCC,":[209],"recall":[211],"rate":[212],"under":[213],"different":[214],"lengths,":[216],"fully":[217],"demonstrating":[218],"effectiveness":[220],"algorithm.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}
