{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011866533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipaasc47483.2019.9023090","title":"Question Mark Prediction By Bert","display_name":"Question Mark Prediction By Bert","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011866533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipaasc47483.2019.9023090","mag":"3011866533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apsipaasc47483.2019.9023090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipaasc47483.2019.9023090","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036994482","display_name":"Yunqi Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5635-1956"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunqi Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Babel Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Babel Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391442","display_name":"Dong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0545-6205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Speech and Language Technologies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Speech and Language Technologies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036994482"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86818517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"363","last_page":"367"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punctuation","display_name":"Punctuation","score":0.931755542755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8088557720184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6192295551300049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.595298171043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.5506672859191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.4804113209247589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.46368569135665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.45006951689720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4335099458694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.4274599850177765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.20425614714622498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540372491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82622","display_name":"Punctuation","level":2,"score":0.931755542755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8088557720184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6192295551300049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.595298171043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.5506672859191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.4804113209247589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.46368569135665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.45006951689720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4335099458694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.4274599850177765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.20425614714622498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apsipaasc47483.2019.9023090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipaasc47483.2019.9023090","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22168010","https://openalex.org/W630532510","https://openalex.org/W1514535095","https://openalex.org/W1526024327","https://openalex.org/W1587490638","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2166116787","https://openalex.org/W2169187092","https://openalex.org/W2398104528","https://openalex.org/W2406343628","https://openalex.org/W2513522215","https://openalex.org/W2575282817","https://openalex.org/W2744031566","https://openalex.org/W2781510043","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2962824709","https://openalex.org/W2962989741","https://openalex.org/W2963047297","https://openalex.org/W2963560594","https://openalex.org/W2963691546","https://openalex.org/W2963792777","https://openalex.org/W2963925437","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6600880057","https://openalex.org/W6635223454","https://openalex.org/W6684662674","https://openalex.org/W6703410971","https://openalex.org/W6712411474","https://openalex.org/W6713490458","https://openalex.org/W6731992975","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6746565888","https://openalex.org/W7051469422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2936002343","https://openalex.org/W2188883480","https://openalex.org/W1592364192","https://openalex.org/W656840002","https://openalex.org/W1605117403","https://openalex.org/W2381416480","https://openalex.org/W2380599343","https://openalex.org/W2369211877","https://openalex.org/W2883671469","https://openalex.org/W2728761353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Punctuation":[0],"resotration":[1],"is":[2],"important":[3],"for":[4],"Automatic":[5],"Speech":[6],"Recognition":[7],"and":[8,25,41,47,52],"the":[9,16,37,77,81,89,92,96],"down-stream":[10],"applications,":[11],"e.g.,":[12],"speech":[13],"translation.":[14],"Despite":[15],"continuous":[17],"progress":[18],"on":[19],"punctuation":[20],"restoration,":[21],"discriminating":[22],"question":[23,100],"marks":[24],"periods":[26],"remains":[27],"very":[28],"hard.":[29],"This":[30],"difficulty":[31],"can":[32],"be":[33],"largely":[34],"attributed":[35],"to":[36,72,105],"fact":[38],"that":[39,87],"interrogatives":[40],"narrative":[42],"sentences":[43],"are":[44,56],"mostly":[45],"characterized":[46],"distinguished":[48],"by":[49,60,76],"long-distance":[50],"syntactic":[51],"semantic":[53],"dependencies,":[54],"which":[55],"cannot":[57],"well":[58],"modeled":[59],"existing":[61],"models":[62],"(e.g.,":[63],"RNN":[64],"or":[65],"n-gram).":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68,74],"paper":[69],"we":[70],"propose":[71],"solve":[73],"problem":[75],"self-attention":[78],"mechanism":[79],"of":[80,99],"Bert":[82],"model.":[83],"Our":[84],"experiments":[85],"demonstrated":[86],"compared":[88],"best":[90],"baseline,":[91],"new":[93],"approach":[94],"improved":[95],"F1":[97],"score":[98],"mark":[101],"prediction":[102],"from":[103],"30%":[104],"90%.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}