{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2291608855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipa.2015.7415386","title":"Automatic ranking of swear words using word embeddings and pseudo-relevance feedback","display_name":"Automatic ranking of swear words using word embeddings and pseudo-relevance feedback","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2291608855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipa.2015.7415386","mag":"2291608855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apsipa.2015.7415386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipa.2015.7415386","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024161267","display_name":"Luis Fernando D\u2019Haro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-7384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luis Fernando D'Haro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Language Technologies, A*STAR, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technologies, A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022050902","display_name":"Rafael E. Banchs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael E. Banchs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Language Technologies, A*STAR, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technologies, A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024161267"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2804,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86571026,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"815","last_page":"820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13959","display_name":"Swearing, Euphemism, Multilingualism","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13959","display_name":"Swearing, Euphemism, Multilingualism","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.8230185508728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.7376551032066345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7252306938171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.6734029054641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6054532527923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrapping","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","score":0.5959619879722595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"Cosine similarity","score":0.5791624188423157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5642072558403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5275092720985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.43355515599250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance-feedback","display_name":"Relevance feedback","score":0.4187380075454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35478776693344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.33977070450782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19732871651649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.08204057812690735}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.8230185508728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.7376551032066345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7252306938171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6734029054641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6054532527923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5959619879722595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.5791624188423157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5642072558403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5275092720985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.43355515599250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779532271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q445558","display_name":"Relevance feedback","level":4,"score":0.4187380075454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35478776693344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.33977070450782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19732871651649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.08204057812690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apsipa.2015.7415386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipa.2015.7415386","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527758775","https://openalex.org/W1545914208","https://openalex.org/W1599835099","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1638659076","https://openalex.org/W1971269520","https://openalex.org/W2047449974","https://openalex.org/W2070562188","https://openalex.org/W2082066599","https://openalex.org/W2117897510","https://openalex.org/W2126725946","https://openalex.org/W2143017621","https://openalex.org/W2160458012","https://openalex.org/W2160685721","https://openalex.org/W2164547069","https://openalex.org/W2215376118","https://openalex.org/W2250895046","https://openalex.org/W2251056936","https://openalex.org/W2251181482","https://openalex.org/W2295072214","https://openalex.org/W3151392175","https://openalex.org/W4213337488","https://openalex.org/W4251372957","https://openalex.org/W6635953496","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6636719820","https://openalex.org/W6662487238","https://openalex.org/W6679155404","https://openalex.org/W6683412400","https://openalex.org/W6684151790","https://openalex.org/W6691707648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534274833","https://openalex.org/W3117246195","https://openalex.org/W156620619","https://openalex.org/W2616249226","https://openalex.org/W2098233217","https://openalex.org/W2914363205","https://openalex.org/W2997844990","https://openalex.org/W1598221548","https://openalex.org/W1589134610","https://openalex.org/W1572278127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,8,54,74,101,106,124],"method":[4,122],"for":[5],"automatically":[6],"ranking":[7,21],"dictionary":[9],"of":[10,17,40,48,76],"swear":[11,42,77],"words":[12,78],"based":[13],"on":[14],"their":[15],"level":[16],"rudeness.":[18],"The":[19,60,88],"final":[20],"is":[22,123],"generated":[23,95],"by":[24,84,96],"combining":[25],"two":[26],"baseline":[27],"rankings:":[28],"1)":[29],"using":[30,53,65],"the":[31,37,41,45,93,97,110,114,120,128],"normalized":[32],"accumulated":[33],"cosine":[34],"similarity":[35],"between":[36,92],"word":[38,43],"embeddings":[39],"and":[44,51,57,71,100],"n-best":[46],"list":[47,75],"closest":[49],"neighborhoods,":[50],"2)":[52],"pseudo-relevance":[55],"feedback":[56],"bootstrapping":[58],"algorithm.":[59],"proposed":[61,98,121],"methods":[62],"are":[63],"trained":[64],"dialogues":[66],"extracted":[67],"from":[68],"movies":[69],"scripts":[70],"evaluated":[72],"against":[73],"ranked":[79],"manually":[80],"in":[81],"5":[82],"categories":[83],"four":[85],"different":[86,115],"annotators.":[87],"Spearman":[89],"correlation":[90],"coefficient":[91],"rankings":[94],"system":[99],"consolidated":[102],"gold":[103],"standard":[104],"reaches":[105],"similar":[107],"value":[108],"to":[109,127],"ones":[111],"obtained":[112],"among":[113],"human":[116],"annotators,":[117],"proving":[118],"that":[119],"good":[125],"alternative":[126],"manual":[129],"process.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}