{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009926692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipa.2014.7041590","title":"Gender-dependent spectrum differential models for perceived age control based on direct waveform modification in singing voice conversion","display_name":"Gender-dependent spectrum differential models for perceived age control based on direct waveform modification in singing voice conversion","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009926692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipa.2014.7041590","mag":"2009926692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apsipa.2014.7041590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipa.2014.7041590","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA), 2014 Asia-Pacific","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037417355","display_name":"Kazuhiro Kobayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7801-147X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kazuhiro Kobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Sentan Kagaku Gijutsu Daigakuin Daigaku, Ikoma, Nara, JP","Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Sentan Kagaku Gijutsu Daigakuin Daigaku, Ikoma, Nara, JP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078330211","display_name":"Tomoki Toda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8146-1279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoki Toda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039431216","display_name":"Tomoyasu Nakano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8014-2209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoyasu Nakano","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan","National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030650456","display_name":"Masataka Goto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1167-0977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masataka Goto","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan","National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000692949","display_name":"Graham Neubig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham Neubig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Sentan Kagaku Gijutsu Daigakuin Daigaku, Ikoma, Nara, JP","Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Sentan Kagaku Gijutsu Daigakuin Daigaku, Ikoma, Nara, JP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040108974","display_name":"Sakriani Sakti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5509-8963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sakriani Sakti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020994673","display_name":"Satoshi Nakamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-3803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037417355"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.409,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73175538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2005 mus 61?2","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timbre","display_name":"Timbre","score":0.8954827785491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singing","display_name":"Singing","score":0.8793817758560181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.676324725151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5748145580291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-analysis","display_name":"Voice analysis","score":0.5361924171447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.48548439145088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4664648771286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.4322948455810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.42408260703086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4235954284667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3252395987510681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.26999086141586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21150797605514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11418643593788147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776539107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176501","display_name":"Timbre","level":3,"score":0.8954827785491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44819458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27939","display_name":"Singing","level":2,"score":0.8793817758560181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.676324725151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5748145580291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182964821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939498","display_name":"Voice analysis","level":2,"score":0.5361924171447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48548439145088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4664648771286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.4322948455810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.42408260703086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4235954284667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3252395987510681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.26999086141586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21150797605514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11418643593788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apsipa.2014.7041590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apsipa.2014.7041590","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA), 2014 Asia-Pacific","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482298176","https://openalex.org/W1581272224","https://openalex.org/W1590808459","https://openalex.org/W1596263485","https://openalex.org/W2020343820","https://openalex.org/W2049686551","https://openalex.org/W2070513494","https://openalex.org/W2077865492","https://openalex.org/W2120605154","https://openalex.org/W2130081501","https://openalex.org/W2145892079","https://openalex.org/W2154920538","https://openalex.org/W2156142001","https://openalex.org/W2168790345","https://openalex.org/W2294038178","https://openalex.org/W2395578248","https://openalex.org/W2763280966","https://openalex.org/W6628615481","https://openalex.org/W6697024540"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4288088492","https://openalex.org/W2982290989","https://openalex.org/W1516392727","https://openalex.org/W2001828059","https://openalex.org/W2031321541","https://openalex.org/W4210742324","https://openalex.org/W1967908900","https://openalex.org/W2603569513","https://openalex.org/W2898292629","https://openalex.org/W4289829928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,160],"perceived":[1,15,76,86,115,146,173],"age":[2,10,87,116,147,174],"of":[3,11,21,30,48,88,98,113,122,133,171,178],"a":[4,104,134,143],"singing":[5,32,89,125,136,180],"voice,":[6],"which":[7],"is":[8,19,117,127],"the":[9,12,17,22,31,46,75,85,96,111,123,165,169,185],"singer":[13,93],"as":[14],"by":[16,38,57,95],"listener,":[18],"one":[20],"intuitively":[23],"understandable":[24],"measures":[25],"to":[26,42,83,131,184],"describe":[27],"voice":[28,40,49,69,90,100,126,181],"characteristics":[29],"voice.":[33,137],"Singers":[34],"can":[35,53],"sing":[36],"expressively":[37],"controlling":[39],"timbre":[41,50,70],"some":[43],"extent":[44],"but":[45],"varieties":[47],"that":[51,132,164],"singers":[52],"produce":[54],"are":[55],"limited":[56,118],"physical":[58],"constraints.":[59],"To":[60],"overcome":[61],"this":[62,139],"limitation,":[63],"previous":[64],"work":[65],"has":[66],"proposed":[67,166],"statistical":[68,99],"control":[71,84,148],"technique":[72,79],"based":[73,153],"on":[74,154],"age.":[77],"This":[78],"makes":[80,168],"it":[81],"possible":[82],"while":[91],"retaining":[92],"individuality":[94],"use":[97],"conversion":[101],"(SVC)":[102],"with":[103],"multiple-regression":[105],"Gaussian":[106],"mixture":[107],"model":[108],"(MR-GMM).":[109],"However,":[110],"range":[112,170],"controllable":[114,172],"and":[119,157,176],"speech":[120],"quality":[121,177],"converted":[124,179],"significantly":[128],"degraded":[129],"compared":[130,183],"natural":[135],"In":[138],"paper,":[140],"we":[141],"propose":[142],"method":[144,167],"for":[145],"using":[149],"direct":[150],"waveform":[151],"modification":[152],"spectrum":[155],"differential":[156],"gender-dependent":[158],"modeling.":[159],"experimental":[161],"results":[162],"show":[163],"wider":[175],"higher":[182],"conventional":[186],"method.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
