{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099215665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apcsac.2008.4625440","title":"Early load: Hiding load latency in deep pipeline processor","display_name":"Early load: Hiding load latency in deep pipeline processor","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099215665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apcsac.2008.4625440","mag":"2099215665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apcsac.2008.4625440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apcsac.2008.4625440","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 13th Asia-Pacific Computer Systems Architecture Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046120781","display_name":"Shun\u2010Chieh Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun-Chieh Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012702562","display_name":"Walter Yuan-Hwa Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Yuan-Hwa Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuan-Jung Kuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Jung Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081637367","display_name":"Chung-Ping Chung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Ping Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.036,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8049407,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8576993346214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.7223238945007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.6684263944625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5591471195220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5029410719871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarchitecture","display_name":"Microarchitecture","score":0.4751039743423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.47162699699401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.4670473635196686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.4218483567237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.41663438081741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.416428804397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32361406087875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2338676154613495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8576993346214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.7223238945007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.6684263944625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5591471195220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5029410719871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107598950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259864","display_name":"Microarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.4751039743423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.47162699699401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.4670473635196686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.4218483567237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.41663438081741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.416428804397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32361406087875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2338676154613495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apcsac.2008.4625440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apcsac.2008.4625440","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 13th Asia-Pacific Computer Systems Architecture Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1019390808","https://openalex.org/W1582900148","https://openalex.org/W2004340162","https://openalex.org/W2099786221","https://openalex.org/W2100097836","https://openalex.org/W2104225326","https://openalex.org/W2105194472","https://openalex.org/W2117285153","https://openalex.org/W2123608497","https://openalex.org/W2125305952","https://openalex.org/W2137059427","https://openalex.org/W2137125244","https://openalex.org/W2160401437","https://openalex.org/W3145830094","https://openalex.org/W4252846123","https://openalex.org/W6635027031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4231704780","https://openalex.org/W2083794993","https://openalex.org/W352609212","https://openalex.org/W4200340037","https://openalex.org/W1511772879","https://openalex.org/W4379115841","https://openalex.org/W2005635288","https://openalex.org/W608917066","https://openalex.org/W4283652261","https://openalex.org/W585424826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Load":[0],"instructions":[1,91],"usually":[2],"have":[3,13],"long":[4],"execution":[5,103,125],"latency":[6,25,34,45,57,81],"in":[7,30,58,139,144],"a":[8,27,59,71,108],"deep":[9,60],"processor":[10,31,61],"pipeline,":[11],"and":[12,46,142],"significant":[14],"impact":[15],"on":[16],"overall":[17],"performance.":[18],"Therefore,":[19],"how":[20],"to":[21,53,77,92],"hide":[22,54,78],"the":[23,55,79,96,102,106,113,116,120,124],"load":[24,37,56,87,90,93,121],"becomes":[26],"serious":[28],"problem":[29],"design.":[32],"The":[33],"of":[35,115],"memory":[36],"can":[38,134],"be":[39],"separated":[40],"into":[41],"two":[42],"parts:":[43],"cache-miss":[44],"load-to-use":[47,80],"latency.":[48],"Previous":[49],"work":[50],"which":[51],"tried":[52],"pipeline":[62],"has":[63],"some":[64],"limitations.":[65],"In":[66,105],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"we":[69],"propose":[70],"hardware-based":[72],"method,":[73],"called":[74],"early":[75,117],"load,":[76],"with":[82],"little":[83],"hardware":[84],"overhead.":[85],"Early":[86],"scheme":[88],"allows":[89],"data":[94],"from":[95],"cache":[97],"system":[98],"before":[99,119],"it":[100],"enters":[101,123],"stage.":[104,126],"meantime,":[107],"detection":[109],"method":[110],"makes":[111],"sure":[112],"correctness":[114],"operation":[118],"instruction":[122],"Our":[127],"experimental":[128],"results":[129],"showed":[130],"that":[131],"our":[132],"approach":[133],"achieve":[135],"11.64%":[136],"performance":[137],"improvement":[138],"Dhrystone":[140],"benchmark":[141,148],"4.97%":[143],"average":[145],"for":[146],"MiBench":[147],"suite.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
