{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130553194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas67402.2025.11378170","title":"A Reconfigurable 8-Channel Dual-Mode Neural Stimulator with High-Voltage Compliance and 97% Efficiency","display_name":"A Reconfigurable 8-Channel Dual-Mode Neural Stimulator with High-Voltage Compliance and 97% Efficiency","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130553194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas67402.2025.11378170"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas67402.2025.11378170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas67402.2025.11378170","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050843629","display_name":"Yijun Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijun Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126443997","display_name":"Yutao Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutao Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052655316","display_name":"Wenjun Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1568-2503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjun Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126378256","display_name":"Hui Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126408521","display_name":"Xing Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001214136","display_name":"Ziqi Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8858-2193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziqi Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076092569","display_name":"Mostafa Katebi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-6097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Katebi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iran University of Science and Technology,Department of Bioelectronics,Tehran,Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iran University of Science and Technology,Department of Bioelectronics,Tehran,Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404947","display_name":"Jie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4801-7162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126413132","display_name":"Mohamad Sawan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Sawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9236000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9236000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12789","display_name":"Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation","score":0.010400000028312206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.551800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-prosthesis","display_name":"Neural Prosthesis","score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.29789999127388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.551800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42730000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908765479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431093","display_name":"Neural Prosthesis","level":2,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177825189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357702","display_name":"Electrical brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909910804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157299","display_name":"Nerve stimulator","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98576551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841798","display_name":"Electric potential energy","level":3,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984127161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q969316","display_name":"Neural activity","level":2,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341477","display_name":"Energy supply","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas67402.2025.11378170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas67402.2025.11378170","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9160543084144592,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506705145","https://openalex.org/W2083166398","https://openalex.org/W2148269042","https://openalex.org/W2150999486","https://openalex.org/W2319514052","https://openalex.org/W3080578087","https://openalex.org/W3161316616","https://openalex.org/W4205586995","https://openalex.org/W4321194445","https://openalex.org/W4392803634","https://openalex.org/W4400235140","https://openalex.org/W4400905265","https://openalex.org/W4405022390"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electrical":[0],"nerve":[1],"stimulation,":[2],"by":[3],"delivering":[4,111],"electrical":[5],"charge":[6],"to":[7,10,86,109,115,125],"neural":[8,16],"tissues":[9],"evoke":[11],"action":[12],"potentials,":[13],"effectively":[14],"modulates":[15],"activity":[17],"and":[18,69,100,121],"has":[19,66],"been":[20,67],"established":[21],"as":[22],"a":[23,79,95],"proven":[24],"therapy":[25],"for":[26,71],"various":[27],"neurological":[28],"disorders.":[29],"However,":[30],"existing":[31],"implantable":[32],"stimulators":[33],"face":[34],"significant":[35,152],"challenges":[36],"in":[37,43],"achieving":[38],"high":[39],"energy":[40,50,143],"efficiency,":[41],"resulting":[42],"considerable":[44],"power":[45,98,104],"waste":[46],"within":[47],"the":[48,139],"constrained":[49],"budget":[51],"of":[52,145,161],"implanted":[53],"devices.":[54],"To":[55],"address":[56],"this":[57],"challenge,":[58],"an":[59,101,142],"8-channel":[60],"high-voltage":[61,103],"compliant":[62],"reconfigurable":[63,148],"current/voltage-mode":[64],"stimulator":[65,92,140],"proposed":[68,76],"designed":[70],"efficient":[72],"biphasic":[73],"stimulation.":[74],"The":[75,91,147],"design":[77,149],"employs":[78],"closed-loop":[80],"architecture":[81],"with":[82,94,131],"programmable":[83],"dual-mode":[84],"stimulation":[85,112,122],"accommodate":[87],"diverse":[88],"therapeutic":[89],"needs":[90],"operates":[93],"3.3V":[96,108],"low-voltage":[97],"supply":[99,105],"adjustable":[102],"ranging":[106],"from":[107],"10V,":[110],"currents":[113],"up":[114,124],"<tex":[116,126,157],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[117,127,158],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\pm":[118,128],"10":[119],"\\text{mA}$</tex>":[120],"voltages":[123],"9.5":[129],"\\mathrm{V}$</tex>":[130],"8-bit":[132],"resolution.":[133],"Postlayout":[134],"simulation":[135],"results":[136],"show":[137],"that":[138],"reaches":[141],"efficiency":[144],"97%.":[146],"also":[150],"enables":[151],"area":[153,163],"savings,":[154],"requiring":[155],"only":[156],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$0.0498":[159],"\\text{mm}^{2}$</tex>":[160],"core":[162],"each":[164],"channel.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-02-20T00:00:00"}