{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405845331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas62602.2024.10808333","title":"A Dynamic Approximation Processor Based on Out-of-Order RISC-V in 28-nm CMOS","display_name":"A Dynamic Approximation Processor Based on Out-of-Order RISC-V in 28-nm CMOS","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405845331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas62602.2024.10808333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas62602.2024.10808333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas62602.2024.10808333","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115680375","display_name":"Tomohiro Yoshita","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tomohiro Yoshita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nihon Synopsys G.K.,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nihon Synopsys G.K.,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007062664","display_name":"Junichiro Kadomoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8973-0864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junichiro Kadomoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068571937","display_name":"Hidetsugu Irie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5678-2377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hidetsugu Irie","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115680375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22805593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"509","last_page":"513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-instruction-set-computing","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","score":0.7621909379959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6659644842147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6244111657142639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4343324303627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.3093610405921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.1765613555908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.15260469913482666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126298526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189376","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","level":3,"score":0.7621909379959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6659644842147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6244111657142639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4343324303627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.3093610405921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1765613555908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.15260469913482666}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas62602.2024.10808333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas62602.2024.10808333","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020217519","https://openalex.org/W2020517863","https://openalex.org/W2045294186","https://openalex.org/W2100799353","https://openalex.org/W2104644701","https://openalex.org/W2265166184","https://openalex.org/W2293918290","https://openalex.org/W2554131156","https://openalex.org/W2614841195","https://openalex.org/W2801629875","https://openalex.org/W2903046887","https://openalex.org/W2945727575","https://openalex.org/W2998905292","https://openalex.org/W3003778129","https://openalex.org/W3185076880","https://openalex.org/W4200592594","https://openalex.org/W4230979891","https://openalex.org/W4245861455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2538644970","https://openalex.org/W4376881175","https://openalex.org/W4310584696","https://openalex.org/W4237840813","https://openalex.org/W2128502296","https://openalex.org/W4385730960","https://openalex.org/W2993622674","https://openalex.org/W1833044483","https://openalex.org/W4364295250","https://openalex.org/W4382053335"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Approximate":[0],"computing":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,97,131,145],"reduce":[4],"the":[5,13,16,32,72,80,105,116,125,132,140,153,157,164],"amount":[6],"of":[7,15,115,134],"computation":[8],"that":[9,37,94,124],"does":[10],"not":[11],"impact":[12],"usefulness":[14],"results,":[17],"achieving":[18],"faster":[19],"and":[20,61,85,91,163],"more":[21,89],"efficient":[22,108],"execution.":[23,120],"Various":[24],"approximation":[25,39,67,109,117],"methods":[26],"have":[27,43],"been":[28],"proposed,":[29],"among":[30],"which":[31],"concepts":[33],"involving":[34],"instruction":[35],"sets":[36],"adjust":[38],"levels":[40],"at":[41],"runtime":[42],"recently":[44],"emerged.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"study,":[48],"we":[49,137],"formulate":[50],"an":[51],"ISA":[52],"enabling":[53,88,112],"on-demand":[54,66,107],"approximation,":[55],"design":[56],"a":[57,63],"microarchitecture":[58],"in":[59,101],"RTL,":[60],"develop":[62],"first":[64],"dynamic":[65,113],"processor":[68],"chip":[69,77],"fabricated":[70],"using":[71],"TSMC":[73],"$28-\\mathrm{nm}$":[74],"process.":[75],"This":[76],"development":[78],"bridges":[79],"gap":[81],"between":[82],"theoretical":[83],"simulation":[84],"real-world":[86],"application,":[87],"energy-efficient":[90],"responsive":[92],"systems":[93],"can":[95],"adapt":[96],"user-demanded":[98],"quality":[99],"requirements":[100],"real":[102],"time.":[103],"With":[104],"chip,":[106],"is":[110,122,128],"realized":[111],"adjustment":[114],"level":[118,133],"during":[119],"It":[121],"confirmed":[123],"execution":[126],"time":[127],"reduced":[129],"proportionally":[130],"approximation.":[135],"As":[136],"carefully":[138],"introduce":[139],"additional":[141],"modules":[142],"with":[143],"attention":[144],"pipeline":[146],"performance,":[147],"they":[148],"are":[149],"implemented":[150],"without":[151],"reducing":[152],"operating":[154],"frequency,":[155],"increasing":[156],"area":[158],"by":[159,166],"$\\mathbf{1.":[160],"1":[161],"\\%}$":[162],"power":[165],"$0.86":[167],"\\%$.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}