{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4364860236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090365","title":"An Energy-Efficient Mixed-Bit ReRAM-based Computing-in-Memory CNN Accelerator with Fully Parallel Readout","display_name":"An Energy-Efficient Mixed-Bit ReRAM-based Computing-in-Memory CNN Accelerator with Fully Parallel Readout","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4364860236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090365"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090365","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067813480","display_name":"Dingbang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4597-1103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dingbang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101651929","display_name":"Wei Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9034-2236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080035820","display_name":"Haoxiang Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoxiang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109448751","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2861-0292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046094842","display_name":"Qiuping Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3252-8611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuping Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016752562","display_name":"Haiqiao Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiqiao Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084391940","display_name":"Hao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9284-0087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067813480"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14210842,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7445943355560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.7214726805686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7001096606254578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.6238782405853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/von-neumann-architecture","display_name":"Von Neumann architecture","score":0.5689049363136292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5570517182350159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-memory-processing","display_name":"In-Memory Processing","score":0.5104418992996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4622281491756439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4500730633735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.44244804978370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/register-file","display_name":"Register file","score":0.43037599325180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.42162415385246277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.24060708284378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14850884675979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.12112107872962952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.11983111500740051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.11110970377922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10766565799713135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7445943355560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.7214726805686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7001096606254578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.6238782405853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80469333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189088","display_name":"Von Neumann architecture","level":2,"score":0.5689049363136292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5570517182350159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123593499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6008583","display_name":"In-Memory Processing","level":5,"score":0.5104418992996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4622281491756439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4500730633735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44244804978370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117280010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180944","display_name":"Register file","level":3,"score":0.43037599325180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42162415385246277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.24060708284378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14850884675979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.12112107872962952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.11983111500740051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.11110970377922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10766565799713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194222762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114486","display_name":"Query by Example","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090365","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G205401885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFE0204000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2932653913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021B1212040001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324202","funder_display_name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Department"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324202","display_name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjzgn92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162279286","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2747329762","https://openalex.org/W2910782178","https://openalex.org/W2920326572","https://openalex.org/W2969812992","https://openalex.org/W2997958863","https://openalex.org/W3005729543","https://openalex.org/W3015980402","https://openalex.org/W3015982917","https://openalex.org/W3080374890","https://openalex.org/W3089558791","https://openalex.org/W3092368495","https://openalex.org/W3134195144","https://openalex.org/W3138138784","https://openalex.org/W4212888381","https://openalex.org/W4221118949","https://openalex.org/W4243519499","https://openalex.org/W6729956949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225907024","https://openalex.org/W3137037072","https://openalex.org/W4308870977","https://openalex.org/W4322580884","https://openalex.org/W2983750276","https://openalex.org/W2518875864","https://openalex.org/W3212430008","https://openalex.org/W3164445786","https://openalex.org/W2802367674","https://openalex.org/W2960205134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computing-In-memory":[0],"(CIM)":[1],"accelerators":[2,34],"have":[3],"the":[4,13,18,24,30,108],"characteristics":[5],"of":[6,20,26,32,117,127],"storage":[7],"and":[8,23,42,54,101,123],"computing":[9],"integration,":[10],"which":[11],"has":[12],"potential":[14],"to":[15],"break":[16],"through":[17],"limit":[19],"Moore's":[21],"law":[22],"bottleneck":[25],"Von-Neumann":[27],"architecture.":[28],"However,":[29],"performance":[31],"CIM":[33],"is":[35,52,59,71,95],"still":[36],"limited":[37],"by":[38,78,97],"conventional":[39],"CNN":[40,50,69],"architectures":[41],"inefficient":[43],"readouts.":[44],"To":[45],"increase":[46],"energy-efficient":[47,91],"performance,":[48],"optimized":[49],"model":[51],"required":[53],"low-power":[55,102],"fully":[56,92],"parallel":[57,93],"readout":[58,94,103],"necessary":[60],"for":[61,82,120,130],"edge-computing":[62],"hardware.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65],"work,":[66],"an":[67],"ReRAM-based":[68],"accelerator":[70,111],"designed.":[72],"Mixed-bit":[73],"1~8-bit":[74,131],"operations":[75,132],"are":[76],"supported":[77],"bitwidth":[79],"configuration":[80],"scheme":[81],"implementing":[83],"Neural":[84],"Architecture":[85],"Search":[86],"(NAS)-optimized":[87],"multi-bit":[88],"CNNs.":[89,137],"Besides,":[90],"achieved":[96],"variation-reduction":[98],"accumulation":[99],"mechanism":[100],"circuits.":[104],"Benchmarks":[105],"show":[106],"that":[107],"proposed":[109],"ReRAM":[110],"can":[112],"achieve":[113],"peak":[114],"energy":[115,125],"efficiency":[116,126],"2490.32":[118],"TOPS/W":[119,129],"1-bit":[121],"operation":[122],"average":[124],"479.37":[128],"when":[133],"evaluating":[134],"NAS-optimized":[135],"multi-bitwidth":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:09:58.560324","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
