{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4364857889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090274","title":"Unsupervised Image Dataset Annotation Framework for Snow Covered Road Networks","display_name":"Unsupervised Image Dataset Annotation Framework for Snow Covered Road Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4364857889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039288435","display_name":"Mohamed Karaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9759-3392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108714496","display_name":"Tunis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1spa57","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179097149","display_name":"University of Carthage","ror":"https://ror.org/057x6za15","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179097149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269272","display_name":"\u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure des Communications de Tunis","ror":"https://ror.org/03mcjjp59","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269272"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA","TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Karaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Innovative Technologies Laboratories,Thuwal,Saudi Arabia","Higher School of Communication of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia","Innovative Technologies Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Innovative Technologies Laboratories,Thuwal,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher School of Communication of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108714496","https://openalex.org/I179097149","https://openalex.org/I4405269272"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovative Technologies Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021394822","display_name":"Hakim Ghazzai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-4264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakim Ghazzai","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Innovative Technologies Laboratories,Thuwal,Saudi Arabia","Innovative Technologies Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Innovative Technologies Laboratories,Thuwal,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovative Technologies Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005730143","display_name":"Lokman Sboui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-4055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lokman Sboui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS),Systems Engineering Department,Montreal,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS),Systems Engineering Department,Montreal,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008512450","display_name":"Hichem Besbes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1063-494X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108714496","display_name":"Tunis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1spa57","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179097149","display_name":"University of Carthage","ror":"https://ror.org/057x6za15","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179097149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269272","display_name":"\u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure des Communications de Tunis","ror":"https://ror.org/03mcjjp59","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269272"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hichem Besbes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Higher School of Communication of Tunis, University of Carthage,Tunis,Tunisia","Higher School of Communication of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher School of Communication of Tunis, University of Carthage,Tunis,Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108714496","https://openalex.org/I179097149","https://openalex.org/I4405269272"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher School of Communication of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108714496","https://openalex.org/I179097149","https://openalex.org/I4405269272"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057380866","display_name":"Yehia Massoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-0639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yehia Massoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Innovative Technologies Laboratories,Thuwal,Saudi Arabia","Innovative Technologies Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Innovative Technologies Laboratories,Thuwal,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovative Technologies Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3954,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95274949,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"110","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9645000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7638667225837708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7007954120635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.6854538917541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.5929283499717712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5129756331443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5083951354026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.49554288387298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-cover","display_name":"Snow cover","score":0.4704189598560333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.44395989179611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43811506032943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3648535907268524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3359069526195526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18017777800559998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.13002744317054749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7638667225837708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7007954120635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.6854538917541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.5929283499717712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5129756331443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5083951354026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49554288387298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983043445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow cover","level":3,"score":0.4704189598560333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.44395989179611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43811506032943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3648535907268524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3359069526195526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18017777800559998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.13002744317054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:26427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://espace2.etsmtl.ca/id/eprint/26427/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Compte rendu de conf\u00e9rence"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/691077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/691077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151377110","https://openalex.org/W2109682749","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2619824656","https://openalex.org/W2883725317","https://openalex.org/W2884851420","https://openalex.org/W2962852342","https://openalex.org/W2982559331","https://openalex.org/W3085008178","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W3144750446","https://openalex.org/W3174769937","https://openalex.org/W3194841521","https://openalex.org/W3197069066"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2794501863","https://openalex.org/W4236960823","https://openalex.org/W2355295607","https://openalex.org/W4284685183","https://openalex.org/W1978253352","https://openalex.org/W2558750709","https://openalex.org/W3137012456","https://openalex.org/W2149213030"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Road":[0],"surface":[1],"condition":[2],"estimation":[3],"plays":[4],"a":[5,25,31,87],"crucial":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,14,96,116,133],"road":[9,34,93,112],"safety":[10],"and":[11,46,59,76,102],"maintenance,":[12],"especially":[13],"adverse":[15],"weather":[16,60,101],"conditions":[17],"like":[18],"snowfall.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"paper,":[22],"we":[23],"introduce":[24],"framework":[26,39],"for":[27],"unsupervised":[28],"annotation":[29,65],"of":[30],"dataset":[32,90,106,125],"describing":[33,91],"snow":[35,135],"cover":[36,94],"level.":[37],"This":[38,124],"relies":[40],"on":[41],"feature":[42],"learning":[43],"using":[44,49],"autoencoders":[45],"graph":[47],"clustering":[48,82],"the":[50,64,120],"Louvain":[51],"community":[52],"detection":[53],"algorithm.":[54],"We":[55,67,84],"also":[56,85],"incorporate":[57],"time":[58],"data":[61],"to":[62,79,127],"facilitate":[63],"process.":[66],"evaluate":[68],"our":[69],"method":[70],"by":[71],"assessing":[72],"its":[73],"different":[74,100],"steps":[75],"comparing":[77],"it":[78],"another":[80],"density-based":[81],"method.":[83],"present":[86],"large":[88],"image":[89],"four":[92],"states":[95],"urban":[97],"scenes,":[98],"including":[99],"visual":[103],"conditions.":[104],"The":[105],"comprises":[107],"41346":[108],"images":[109],"collected":[110],"from":[111],"monitoring":[113],"cameras":[114],"installed":[115],"Montreal,":[117],"Canada,":[118],"during":[119],"2022":[121],"winter":[122],"season.":[123],"intends":[126],"help":[128],"integrate":[129],"computer":[130],"vision":[131],"techniques":[132],"planning":[134],"removal":[136],"operations.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}