{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4364856277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090266","title":"A High-Time-Resolution Time-to-Digital Converter Using Coupled Ring Oscillator with Phase Averaging","display_name":"A High-Time-Resolution Time-to-Digital Converter Using Coupled Ring Oscillator with Phase Averaging","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4364856277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090266"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090266","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090266","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010782221","display_name":"Daiki Ogata","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107139324","display_name":"Kagoshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ss88z23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daiki Ogata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kagoshima University,Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program,Kagoshima,Japan","Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kagoshima University,Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program,Kagoshima,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049974995","display_name":"Ryosuke Kamiya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107139324","display_name":"Kagoshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ss88z23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryosuke Kamiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kagoshima University,Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program,Kagoshima,Japan","Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kagoshima University,Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program,Kagoshima,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062640957","display_name":"Yusuke Toyoshima","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107139324","display_name":"Kagoshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ss88z23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusuke Toyoshima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kagoshima University,Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program,Kagoshima,Japan","Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kagoshima University,Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program,Kagoshima,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035440960","display_name":"Kenichi Ohhata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0674-0830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107139324","display_name":"Kagoshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ss88z23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenichi Ohhata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kagoshima University,Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program,Kagoshima,Japan","Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kagoshima University,Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program,Kagoshima,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Program, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.413,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5906984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"195","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.6875088810920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-digital-converter","display_name":"Time-to-digital converter","score":0.6579428911209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.6109631657600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5022537708282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.5017280578613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46909889578819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37993788719177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.30712032318115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.30346643924713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17853352427482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.15734902024269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13093948364257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.12874126434326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.06913512945175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.06862398982048035}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.6875088810920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99594498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434524","display_name":"Time-to-digital converter","level":4,"score":0.6579428911209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6109631657600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5022537708282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5017280578613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46909889578819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37993788719177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30712032318115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.30346643924713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17853352427482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.15734902024269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13093948364257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.12874126434326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.06913512945175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06862398982048035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090266","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas55924.2022.10090266","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970702866","https://openalex.org/W2056154967","https://openalex.org/W2062952706","https://openalex.org/W2135441328","https://openalex.org/W2151755711","https://openalex.org/W2162926155","https://openalex.org/W2785102225","https://openalex.org/W2941115622","https://openalex.org/W3141549138","https://openalex.org/W4251251255","https://openalex.org/W6679055260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2128836251","https://openalex.org/W2134403953","https://openalex.org/W2071927058","https://openalex.org/W2735892162","https://openalex.org/W2061475693","https://openalex.org/W1524257762","https://openalex.org/W2055340025","https://openalex.org/W2219472191","https://openalex.org/W3005879012","https://openalex.org/W2130556669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,11,32,35,39,87],"high-time-resolution":[4,36],"time":[5,24,108],"to":[6,54,62,71,77,94],"digital":[7],"converter":[8],"(TDC)":[9],"using":[10],"coupled":[12],"ring":[13],"oscillator":[14],"(CRO)":[15],"with":[16,31,38,132],"phase":[17,52],"averaging.":[18],"The":[19,102],"CRO":[20,56],"can":[21],"generate":[22],"short":[23],"interval":[25],"multiphase":[26],"clocks,":[27],"and":[28,43,80,113],"combining":[29],"it":[30],"counter":[33,78],"enables":[34],"TDC":[37,89],"wide":[40],"input":[41],"range":[42],"relatively":[44],"small":[45],"circuitry.":[46],"In":[47],"addition,":[48],"the":[49,55,58,73,96,99,106,122,133],"application":[50],"of":[51,98,110,117,125,135],"averaging":[53],"reduces":[57],"timing":[59],"error":[60,75],"due":[61,76],"mismatch.":[63],"A":[64],"novel":[65],"sampling":[66,74,123],"technique":[67],"is":[68],"also":[69],"proposed":[70,100],"eliminate":[72],"delay":[79],"glitches.":[81],"Post-layout":[82],"simulations":[83],"were":[84],"performed":[85],"on":[86],"10-bit":[88],"in":[90],"28-nm":[91],"CMOS":[92],"technology":[93],"evaluate":[95],"performance":[97],"TDC.":[101],"results":[103],"showed":[104],"that":[105],"high":[107],"resolution":[109],"2.5":[111],"ps":[112],"low":[114],"power":[115],"dissipation":[116],"15.6":[118],"m":[119],"W":[120],"at":[121],"frequency":[124],"350":[126],"MHz":[127],"could":[128],"be":[129],"obtained,":[130],"along":[131],"FOM":[134],"0.083":[136],"pJ/conv.-step.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}