{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210362319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas51387.2021.9687721","title":"A Random Number Generator Based on Metastability of Oscillators","display_name":"A Random Number Generator Based on Metastability of Oscillators","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210362319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas51387.2021.9687721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas51387.2021.9687721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas51387.2021.9687721","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuit and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079846627","display_name":"Recep Gunay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-0618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Recep Gunay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics and Information Security Research Center, TUBITAK, Kocaeli, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics and Information Security Research Center, TUBITAK, Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038657581","display_name":"Salih Erg\u00fcn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7070-9726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salih Ergun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics and Information Security Research Center, TUBITAK, Kocaeli, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics and Information Security Research Center, TUBITAK, Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079846627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0961,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43269608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"105","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.6481934785842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.6445387005805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetrahedron","display_name":"Tetrahedron","score":0.6412345767021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.630592942237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.5742835402488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metastability","display_name":"Metastability","score":0.5453646779060364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49764159321784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitstream","display_name":"Bitstream","score":0.48216480016708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4714418649673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3749380111694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3652879595756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.2957504689693451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21334004402160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.12494173645973206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.12385913729667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12383070588111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11633068323135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.09933635592460632}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.6481934785842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.6445387005805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105239961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160003","display_name":"Tetrahedron","level":2,"score":0.6412345767021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.630592942237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.5742835402488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849516","display_name":"Metastability","level":2,"score":0.5453646779060364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49764159321784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136695289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415568","display_name":"Bitstream","level":3,"score":0.48216480016708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4714418649673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3749380111694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3652879595756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2957504689693451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21334004402160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.12494173645973206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.12385913729667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12383070588111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11633068323135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09933635592460632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas51387.2021.9687721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas51387.2021.9687721","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuit and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588842526","https://openalex.org/W1712912884","https://openalex.org/W2024167332","https://openalex.org/W2136473487","https://openalex.org/W2161890359","https://openalex.org/W2344654957","https://openalex.org/W2921889884","https://openalex.org/W2946857736","https://openalex.org/W3140517496","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4243494487"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2910439186","https://openalex.org/W3134956345","https://openalex.org/W2773228113","https://openalex.org/W2523104764","https://openalex.org/W2922433876","https://openalex.org/W3084704944","https://openalex.org/W4381427530","https://openalex.org/W3004634482","https://openalex.org/W2610269622","https://openalex.org/W4388706369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"irregular":[1,40],"sampling":[2,41,57,167],"of":[3,25,58,122,131,151,157,168],"regular":[4,56,68,101,166,179],"waveform":[5],"based":[6,71,182],"true":[7],"random":[8,118],"number":[9],"generator(TRNG)":[10],"utilizing":[11],"a":[12,99,106,155],"tetrahedral":[13,21,37,59,76,169],"oscillator":[14,22,38,70,181],"as":[15,80,109,113],"entropy":[16,31,82],"source":[17,83],"is":[18,23,46,95,161,174],"proposed.":[19],"The":[20,120,139,159],"composed":[24],"multiple":[26],"nested":[27],"rings":[28],"which":[29,103],"increases":[30],"due":[32],"to":[33,51,97,111,115],"metastability.":[34],"By":[35],"integrating":[36],"with":[39,88,128],"method,":[42],"the":[43,81,117,123,171],"proposed":[44,140],"RNG":[45,183],"faster":[47,100,164],"and":[48,84,133,145,153,170],"more":[49],"robust":[50],"external":[52],"interference":[53],"attacks":[54],"than":[55,67,165,178],"oscillator,":[60],"it":[61],"uses":[62,142],"much":[63],"less":[64],"hardware":[65],"resources":[66],"ring":[69,180],"RNGs.":[72],"In":[73],"total,":[74],"5":[75],"oscillators":[77],"are":[78,86],"used":[79,96],"they":[85],"combined":[87],"an":[89],"XOR":[90,93],"gate.":[91],"This":[92],"output":[94],"sample":[98],"clock,":[102],"should":[104],"have":[105],"duty":[107],"cycle":[108],"close":[110],"50%":[112],"possible,":[114],"generate":[116],"bit.":[119],"randomness":[121],"bit":[124],"stream":[125],"was":[126],"proved":[127],"National":[129],"Institute":[130],"Standard":[132],"Technology":[134],"(NIST)":[135],"800\u201322":[136],"Test":[137],"Suites.":[138],"design":[141],"93":[143],"LUTs":[144],"14":[146],"FFs":[147],"while":[148],"consuming":[149],"100mW":[150],"power":[152],"having":[154],"throughput":[156],"1.7Mb/s.":[158],"speed":[160],"17":[162],"times":[163,176],"resource":[172],"usage":[173],"16":[175],"lower":[177],"designs.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
