{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889344598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2018.8605630","title":"Lightweight Hardware Implementation of R-LWE Lattice-Based Cryptography","display_name":"Lightweight Hardware Implementation of R-LWE Lattice-Based Cryptography","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889344598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2018.8605630","mag":"2889344598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2018.8605630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2018.8605630","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/c4802c96-f997-44d7-b087-1736574e3362","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007828522","display_name":"Sailong Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8178-7284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sailong Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023734605","display_name":"Weiqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-8648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089584032","display_name":"James Howe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6498-3099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Howe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045204653","display_name":"Ayesha Khalid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-6966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayesha Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), ECIT, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK","Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), ECIT, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), ECIT, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), ECIT, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079438004","display_name":"M\u00e1ire O\u05f3Neill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6865-6212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maire O'Neill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Belfast, GB"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Belfast, GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007828522"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0154,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82773646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"403","last_page":"406"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7175101041793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6797963380813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6456945538520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-based-cryptography","display_name":"Lattice-based cryptography","score":0.6049451231956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5682485103607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-with-errors","display_name":"Learning with errors","score":0.5342186093330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.5083395838737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4537596106529236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4031760096549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3604455590248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3388127386569977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3363278806209564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.32587742805480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28454434871673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19536268711090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.18053686618804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12233781814575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.11131870746612549}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7175101041793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6797963380813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6456945538520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497083","display_name":"Lattice-based cryptography","level":5,"score":0.6049451231956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5682485103607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779014939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510239","display_name":"Learning with errors","level":3,"score":0.5342186093330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.5083395838737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4537596106529236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4031760096549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3604455590248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3388127386569977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3363278806209564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.32587742805480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28454434871673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19536268711090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.18053686618804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12233781814575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.11131870746612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2018.8605630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2018.8605630","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/c4802c96-f997-44d7-b087-1736574e3362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/c4802c96-f997-44d7-b087-1736574e3362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fan , S , Liu , W , Howe , J , Khalid , A &amp; O'Neill , M 2019 , Lightweight hardware implementation of R-LWE lattice-based cryptography . in IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS) 2018: Proceedings . , 8605630 , IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS): Proceedings , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , pp. 403-406 , 14th IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, APCCAS 2018 , Chengdu , China , 26/10/2018 . https://doi.org/10.1109/APCCAS.2018.8605630","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/28e4f723-e823-47a1-bf1a-f8e7bbd5b832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/28e4f723-e823-47a1-bf1a-f8e7bbd5b832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fan, S, Liu, W, Howe, J, Khalid, A & O'Neill, M 2019, Lightweight Hardware Implementation of R-LWE Lattice-Based Cryptography. in 2018 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, APCCAS 2018., 8605630, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 403-406. https://doi.org/10.1109/APCCAS.2018.8605630","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/28e4f723-e823-47a1-bf1a-f8e7bbd5b832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/28e4f723-e823-47a1-bf1a-f8e7bbd5b832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/c4802c96-f997-44d7-b087-1736574e3362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/c4802c96-f997-44d7-b087-1736574e3362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fan , S , Liu , W , Howe , J , Khalid , A &amp; O'Neill , M 2019 , Lightweight hardware implementation of R-LWE lattice-based cryptography . in IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS) 2018: Proceedings . , 8605630 , IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS): Proceedings , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , pp. 403-406 , 14th IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, APCCAS 2018 , Chengdu , China , 26/10/2018 . https://doi.org/10.1109/APCCAS.2018.8605630","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1243718259","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XYDXX","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326182","funder_display_name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1814108365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N011635/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3235093119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XYDXX-009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326182","funder_display_name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G619348379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7608752429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Talent","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326182","display_name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498685334","https://openalex.org/W1534643746","https://openalex.org/W1536729852","https://openalex.org/W1580045882","https://openalex.org/W2022113215","https://openalex.org/W2040236464","https://openalex.org/W2098290658","https://openalex.org/W2106970188","https://openalex.org/W2113992957","https://openalex.org/W2125851006","https://openalex.org/W2172273481","https://openalex.org/W2295948984","https://openalex.org/W2616692762","https://openalex.org/W2800168889","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3111297213","https://openalex.org/W6629789561","https://openalex.org/W6668387570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3165155389","https://openalex.org/W2951286680","https://openalex.org/W1489923862","https://openalex.org/W2315723423","https://openalex.org/W4386988099","https://openalex.org/W2883034031","https://openalex.org/W4214920459","https://openalex.org/W1936753088","https://openalex.org/W4312061170","https://openalex.org/W2550942574"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lattice":[0],"based":[1],"cryptography":[2],"(LBC)":[3],"is":[4,17,30,73],"one":[5],"of":[6,21,43,70],"the":[7,58,65,87,93,99],"most":[8],"promising":[9],"post-quantum":[10],"cryptographic":[11],"candidates.":[12],"Ring-learning":[13],"with":[14,79],"errors":[15],"(R-LWE)":[16],"an":[18],"encryption":[19,40],"scheme":[20,41],"LBC.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24,71],"paper,":[25],"a":[26,44],"lightweight":[27],"hardware":[28,83],"implementation":[29,84],"presented":[31],"including":[32],"key":[33],"generation,":[34],"encryption,":[35],"and":[36,47,61,98],"decryption.":[37],"The":[38,68,82],"R-LWE":[39],"consists":[42],"Gaussian":[45,59],"sampler":[46,60],"polynomial":[48,66],"multiplication.":[49,67],"This":[50],"paper":[51],"uses":[52],"cumulative":[53],"distribution":[54],"table":[55],"(CDT)":[56],"as":[57],"schoolbook":[62],"approach":[63],"for":[64],"purpose":[69],"architecture":[72],"to":[74,104],"achieve":[75],"small":[76],"area":[77],"consumption":[78],"high":[80],"frequency.":[81],"results":[85],"on":[86],"Xilinx":[88],"Kintex-7":[89],"FPGA":[90],"show":[91],"that":[92],"design":[94],"consumes":[95],"808":[96],"slices":[97],"frequency":[100],"can":[101],"be":[102],"up":[103],"288.35MHz.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
