{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909019523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2018.8605570","title":"Low-Cost Approximate Multiplier Design using Probability-Driven Inexact Compressors","display_name":"Low-Cost Approximate Multiplier Design using Probability-Driven Inexact Compressors","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909019523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2018.8605570","mag":"2909019523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2018.8605570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2018.8605570","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681268","display_name":"Yi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8050-5388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089205282","display_name":"Heming Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5583-4895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heming Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101747895","display_name":"Li Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0650-4229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103496033","display_name":"Shinji Kimura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinji Kimura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100681268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6738,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85450923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"291","last_page":"294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.7903421521186829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.7429004907608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5763831734657288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-compressor","display_name":"Gas compressor","score":0.5295646786689758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.46736571192741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4334985017776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-multiplication","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","score":0.4245641231536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.40692734718322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3334474563598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.08751514554023743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7903421521186829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.7429004907608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5763831734657288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131097465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178898","display_name":"Gas compressor","level":2,"score":0.5295646786689758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.46736571192741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4334985017776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17349429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049914","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","level":3,"score":0.4245641231536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.40692734718322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3334474563598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.08751514554023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2018.8605570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2018.8605570","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988918651","https://openalex.org/W1998824039","https://openalex.org/W2020217519","https://openalex.org/W2114837206","https://openalex.org/W2124651102","https://openalex.org/W2497368240","https://openalex.org/W2560114385","https://openalex.org/W2578985517","https://openalex.org/W2770978880","https://openalex.org/W4230979891","https://openalex.org/W6677490153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390550886","https://openalex.org/W3217463396","https://openalex.org/W2790557758","https://openalex.org/W2516396101","https://openalex.org/W3204929712","https://openalex.org/W4295102875","https://openalex.org/W1580325428","https://openalex.org/W2905112981","https://openalex.org/W2769998386","https://openalex.org/W2562284820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Approximate":[0],"computing":[1],"is":[2,17,47,95,146],"applicable":[3],"to":[4,49,98],"improve":[5],"hardware":[6],"performance":[7],"by":[8,32,119,122,126],"sacrificing":[9],"some":[10],"accuracy":[11,63],"for":[12,81],"error-tolerant":[13],"applications,":[14],"where":[15],"multiplication":[16],"a":[18,27,68,133],"key":[19],"arithmetic":[20],"operation.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"paper,":[24],"we":[25],"propose":[26],"low-cost":[28],"approximate":[29,144],"multiplier":[30,93,104,130],"design":[31,46,94,116,131],"employing":[33],"new":[34],"probability-driven":[35],"inexact":[36,42],"4:2,":[37],"6:2,":[38],"8:2":[39],"compressors":[40],"and":[41,124],"half-adders.":[43],"This":[44],"compressor":[45],"explored":[48],"reduce":[50],"the":[51,91,102,109,114,141],"height":[52],"of":[53,62,77,90,113,143],"partial":[54],"product":[55],"matrix":[56],"into":[57],"two":[58],"rows.":[59],"Different":[60],"levels":[61],"can":[64],"be":[65],"achieved":[66],"through":[67],"grouped":[69],"error":[70,78,82,87],"recovery":[71],"scheme":[72],"that":[73],"employs":[74],"different":[75],"numbers":[76],"compensation":[79],"vectors":[80],"reduction.":[83],"The":[84,128],"mean":[85],"relative":[86],"distance":[88],"(MRED)":[89],"proposed":[92,115,129],"from":[96],"1.07%":[97],"7.86%.":[99],"Compared":[100],"with":[101],"Wallace":[103],"using":[105],"SMIC":[106],"40nm":[107],"process,":[108],"most":[110],"accurate":[111],"variant":[112],"reduces":[117],"power":[118],"50.52%,":[120],"area":[121],"52.46%,":[123],"delay":[125],"33.90%.":[127],"has":[132],"better":[134],"accuracy-performance":[135],"trade-off":[136],"than":[137],"other":[138],"designs.":[139],"Moreover,":[140],"efficiency":[142],"multipliers":[145],"assessed":[147],"in":[148],"an":[149],"image":[150],"processing":[151],"application.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-02-26T08:16:20.718346","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}