{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029202860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2012.6419052","title":"A low-voltage, low-power subthreshold CMOS voltage reference without resistors and high threshold voltage devices","display_name":"A low-voltage, low-power subthreshold CMOS voltage reference without resistors and high threshold voltage devices","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029202860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2012.6419052","mag":"2029202860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2012.6419052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2012.6419052","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400217","display_name":"Jun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-9871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101318846","display_name":"Yunling Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunling Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065819594","display_name":"Qiaobo Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiaobo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061536744","display_name":"Jingjing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2747-6274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103457733","display_name":"Zhuqian Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuqian Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010344995","display_name":"Hong\u2010Zhou Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5214-997X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Zhou Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057879547","display_name":"Yunliang Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1334-5174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunliang Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100400217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6051,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68725425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"384","last_page":"387"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subthreshold-conduction","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","score":0.7850152850151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.7153133153915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5999285578727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5879846811294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5752736926078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5639910697937012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-supply-rejection-ratio","display_name":"Power supply rejection ratio","score":0.5631628036499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threshold-voltage","display_name":"Threshold voltage","score":0.5347954630851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-divider","display_name":"Voltage divider","score":0.5255186557769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-voltage","display_name":"Low voltage","score":0.5252689123153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.4943203926086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-reference","display_name":"Voltage reference","score":0.47975432872772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandgap-voltage-reference","display_name":"Bandgap voltage reference","score":0.445970356464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overdrive-voltage","display_name":"Overdrive voltage","score":0.4183483123779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout-voltage","display_name":"Dropout voltage","score":0.4177485704421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.41472384333610535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-power-supply","display_name":"Capacitive power supply","score":0.41458243131637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.34631502628326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33975082635879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switched-mode-power-supply","display_name":"Switched-mode power supply","score":0.3345041275024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-power-circuit","display_name":"Constant power circuit","score":0.32080572843551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21499791741371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.1854979395866394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156465305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658601","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","level":4,"score":0.7850152850151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.7153133153915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5999285578727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5879846811294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5752736926078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5639910697937012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15892472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1482413","display_name":"Power supply rejection ratio","level":4,"score":0.5631628036499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195370968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754002","display_name":"Threshold voltage","level":4,"score":0.5347954630851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49324399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466758","display_name":"Voltage divider","level":3,"score":0.5255186557769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128624480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504817","display_name":"Low voltage","level":3,"score":0.5252689123153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.4943203926086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44351266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1465532","display_name":"Voltage reference","level":3,"score":0.47975432872772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127033052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48635","display_name":"Bandgap voltage reference","level":5,"score":0.445970356464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195905723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113634","display_name":"Overdrive voltage","level":5,"score":0.4183483123779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15032970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Dropout voltage","level":4,"score":0.4177485704421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.41472384333610535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34234416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116391","display_name":"Capacitive power supply","level":5,"score":0.41458243131637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.34631502628326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33975082635879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151799858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587008","display_name":"Switched-mode power supply","level":3,"score":0.3345041275024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29586797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163663","display_name":"Constant power circuit","level":4,"score":0.32080572843551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21499791741371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.1854979395866394}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/apccas.2012.6419052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2012.6419052","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41482027","https://openalex.org/W1566916904","https://openalex.org/W2041693343","https://openalex.org/W2092954710","https://openalex.org/W2118526058","https://openalex.org/W2139801901","https://openalex.org/W2141207690","https://openalex.org/W2146324717","https://openalex.org/W2171702041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388657413","https://openalex.org/W2487240096","https://openalex.org/W3104603356","https://openalex.org/W4200432031","https://openalex.org/W2358476588","https://openalex.org/W2357485768","https://openalex.org/W2370508181","https://openalex.org/W3005839546","https://openalex.org/W2913128235","https://openalex.org/W2178833141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"voltage":[1,15,32],"reference":[2],"of":[3,30,43,49],"low":[4,7],"supply":[5,31,75],"voltage,":[6],"power":[8,74],"consumption,":[9],"no":[10],"resistors":[11],"and":[12,20,45,61,86],"high":[13],"threshold":[14],"devices":[16],"has":[17],"been":[18],"proposed":[19],"simulated":[21],"using":[22],"0.18\u03bcm":[23],"technology":[24],"in":[25,70],"this":[26],"paper.":[27],"The":[28,73],"range":[29],"is":[33,53,68,82],"from":[34],"0.9V":[35],"to":[36],"3V":[37],"with":[38],"a":[39,46,62],"maximum":[40],"current":[41],"consumption":[42],"532.9nA":[44],"line":[47],"sensitivity":[48],"6.7ppm/V.":[50],"Temperature":[51],"compensation":[52],"enhanced":[54],"by":[55],"taking":[56],"body":[57],"effect":[58],"into":[59],"consideration,":[60],"temperature":[63],"coefficient":[64],"lower":[65],"than":[66],"25ppm/\u00b0C":[67],"achieved":[69],"most":[71],"cases.":[72],"rejection":[76],"ratio":[77],"without":[78],"any":[79],"filtering":[80],"capacitor":[81],"-45dB":[83],"at":[84,88],"100Hz":[85],"-15dB":[87],"10MHz.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
